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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2025, Vol. 59 Issue (7): 1333-1343    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.07.001
土木与交通工程     
基于多轴3D打印的三维自支撑桁架结构优化方法
叶俊1,2(),肖志斌2,3,林晓阳1,全冠1,王震4,王跃达1,何江飞6,赵阳5
1. 浙江大学 建筑工程学院，浙江 杭州 310058
2. 浙江大学平衡建筑研究中心，浙江 杭州 310028
3. 浙江大学建筑设计研究院有限公司，浙江 杭州 310028
4. 浙大城市学院 工程学院，浙江 杭州 310015
5. 绍兴文理学院 土木工程学院，浙江 绍兴 312000
6. 中国能源建设集团浙江省电力设计院有限公司，浙江 杭州 310012
Optimization methods of 3D self-supporting truss structure based on muti-axis 3D printing
Jun YE1,2(),Zhibin XIAO2,3,Xiaoyang LIN1,Guan QUAN1,Zhen WANG4,Yueda WANG1,Jiangfei HE6,Yang ZHAO5
1. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2. Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
3. The Architectural Design & Research Institute of Zhejiang University Limited Company, Hangzhou 310028, China
4. Department of Civil Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
5. School of Civil Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
6. China Energy Engineering Group Zhejiang Electric Power Design Institute Limited Company, Hangzhou 310012, China
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摘要：

三轴优化方法在3D打印角度和材料效率方面存在局限性，造成材料浪费，为此提出基于多轴3D打印的两步优化方法. 将设计域划分成若干分区，优化求解各分区的局部打印方向，使结构尽可能被打印. 当可打印性指标低于设定阈值时，同时优化结构力学性能和局部打印方向来规划打印路径，使结构的可打印性提升. 设置多个算例，验证所提方法的有效性. 结果表明，相比传统的三轴打印算法，所提方法能够充分利用多轴3D打印的灵活性，使材料体积增加更少，打印结构设计结果更优，结构的可打印性得到有效提升.
关键词： 多轴3D打印;  结构优化;  自支撑结构;  打印路径规划;  可打印性指标    
Abstract:

A two-step optimization method based on multi-axis 3D printing was proposed, as the three-axis optimization method has limitations in 3D printing angles and material efficiency, leading to material waste. The design domain was divided into several partitions, and the local printing direction of each partition was solved optimally to maximize the printability of the structure. When the printability index was below the set threshold, the printability of the structure was improved by simultaneously optimizing the structural mechanical properties and the local printing directions to plan the printing path. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through several arithmetic examples. Results show that compared with the traditional three-axis printing algorithm, the proposed method fully utilizes the flexibility of multi-axis 3D printing, achieving less material volume increase, better design outcomes of the printed structure, and a significant improvement in the printability of the structure.
Key words: multi-axis 3D printing    structure optimization    self-supporting structures    printing path planning    printability index
收稿日期: 2024-05-15 出版日期: 2025-07-25
CLC:  TU 311.4  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（52208215，52078452）；浙江省基础公益研究计划资助项目（LGG22E080005，LQ22E080008）.
作者简介: 叶俊（1987—），男，研究员，从事金属3D打印研究. orcid.org/0000-0002-6857-7450. E-mail：jun_ye@zju.edu.cn
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叶俊
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林晓阳
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王震
王跃达
何江飞
赵阳

引用本文:

叶俊,肖志斌,林晓阳,全冠,王震,王跃达,何江飞,赵阳. 基于多轴3D打印的三维自支撑桁架结构优化方法[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2025, 59(7): 1333-1343.

Jun YE,Zhibin XIAO,Xiaoyang LIN,Guan QUAN,Zhen WANG,Yueda WANG,Jiangfei HE,Yang ZHAO. Optimization methods of 3D self-supporting truss structure based on muti-axis 3D printing. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2025, 59(7): 1333-1343.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.07.001    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2025/V59/I7/1333

图 1  布局、几何优化的工作流程
图 2  构件打印方向识别图示
图 3  设计域分区图示
图 4  局部打印方向投影示意图
图 5  投影面的悬垂违反值
图 6  打印面连续性约束
图 7  打印旋转角投影
图 8  同层中分区边界位置变量对优化过程的影响
图 9  基于多轴3D打印的自支撑桁架结构优化方法的流程图
图 10  结构悬垂角对打印质量的影响
图 11  多轴打印中的碰撞问题
图 12  旋转悬臂梁算例优化结果
图 13  旋转悬臂梁的打印切片路径
图 14  悬臂梁算例优化结果
图 15  双力桁架算例优化结果
图 16  多轴打印系统
图 17  打印模型的切片过程
图 18  模型打印过程的照片
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