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浙江大学学报(理学版)  2022, Vol. 49 Issue (3): 261-270    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2022.03.001
数学与计算机科学     
笔法与结构对楷书文字美学品质影响的量化研究
律睿慜1(),张陶洁1,席旭1(),王濛濛2,孟磊2,张克俊3
1.江南大学 人工智能与计算机学院, 江苏 无锡 214122
2.江南大学 设计学院, 江苏 无锡 214122
3.浙江大学 计算机科学与技术学院, 浙江 杭州 310027
Quantify influence of brushwork and structure on the aesthetic quality of regular script Chinese characters
Ruimin LYU1(),Taojie ZHANG1,Xu XI1(),Mengmeng WANG2,Lei MENG2,Kejun ZHANG3
1.School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,Jiangsu Province,China
2.The Design School of Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,Jiangsu Province,China
3.College of Computer Science and Technology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China
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摘要:

笔法与结构对文字观感的影响是中国书法文化的重要研究命题,也与数字书法领域审美评价技术相关联。但以往对该命题主要为定性讨论。本文结合计算机样条曲线及审美量表等技术,设计了一种实验方法对其进行量化研究。首先,选取78个高频字的6种有代表性的楷书体文字作为样品,自编软件并招募测试人员对其标注结构特征点,并用参数曲线建模输出“去除笔法”后的样品图,再进一步经严格定义的“统一结构”操作进行处理,共获得3组样品图,每组468幅。然后,编制审美量表,招募测试者以随机分配的方式对3组样品评测美感和风格。最后,对评测数据进行统计分析。结果显示,对于楷书文字的风格而言,笔法的影响远高于结构;对于文字的美感而言,笔法的作用也大于结构,但影响有限。该结果局限于实验选定的几种经典的楷书文字,且其定义的“去除笔法”和“统一结构”并不能完全涵盖以往经验理论中的相关概念范围。研究表明,自然学科的方法可用于研究书法学中的命题。

关键词: 笔法结构书法风格实验美学实证美学    
Abstract:

The influences of brushwork and structure on the aesthetic quality of Chinese characters is an important issue in eastern calligraphy culture and is also related to the aesthetic evaluation technology in the field of digital calligraphy. However, in the past, this issue was mainly discussed qualitatively, mostly based on personal aesthetic experience. This study proposed an experimental method to quantitatively study it, which combined technologies in several disciplines, such as spline curve modeling and aesthetic scales. Firstly, six representative regular scripts of 78 high-frequency characters were selected as raw materials, participants were recruited to mark the structural key points using a customized annotation software, and the character images after the "brushwork feature removal" operation were modeled using Bezier curve. Further, the strictly defined "structure unification" operation was applied to these character images. Therefore, three groups of stimuli were obtained and each contains 468 character images. Then, an aesthetic scale was designed, and participants were recruited to evaluate the preference and style of the three groups of stimuli. Each participant was randomly assigned to one of the three. Finally, statistical analysis on the evaluation data showed that the influence of brushwork on the style of regular script was much higher than that of structure, and the influence of brushwork on the preference was slightly higher than that of structure. However, the above finding is limited to the several classical regular scripts selected in the experiment, and "brushwork feature removal" and "structure unification" can not fully cover the scope of relevant concepts in previous classical theories. The study shows that the scientific method can be used to study the propositions in calligraphy theory.

Key words: brushwork    structure    calligraphy style    experimental aesthetics    empirical aesthetics
收稿日期: 2020-09-27 出版日期: 2022-05-24
CLC:  TP 391  
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划专项(2017YFB1402104);江南大学教改研究项目(JNJG19434);江南大学2020年基本科研项目(2050205);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2020QNA5023)
通讯作者: 席旭     E-mail: 190748995@qq.com;2694564855@qq.com
作者简介: 律睿慜(1982—),ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-7118,男,博士,副教授,主要从事书画与科技的交叉领域研究,E-mail: 190748995@qq.com.
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引用本文:

律睿慜,张陶洁,席旭,王濛濛,孟磊,张克俊. 笔法与结构对楷书文字美学品质影响的量化研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(理学版), 2022, 49(3): 261-270.

Ruimin LYU,Taojie ZHANG,Xu XI,Mengmeng WANG,Lei MENG,Kejun ZHANG. Quantify influence of brushwork and structure on the aesthetic quality of regular script Chinese characters. Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition), 2022, 49(3): 261-270.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/sci/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2022.03.001        https://www.zjujournals.com/sci/CN/Y2022/V49/I3/261

图1  实验设计概念
图2  3类结构特征点示意
图3  结构特征点的几何约束
图4  字体标注平台界面
图5  标记系统中拟合字体的过程
实验字体样品笔法结构
书法字(楷书)
生成字(仿真书法字)
打印字(印刷字体)
表1  实验字体构成
图6  量表测试流程
字体实验分组示例图

字体美感选择

频次/总频率

美感

变化/%

风格词汇选择

频次/总频率

风格变化/%
自创书法字对照组1 043/2.021-7.6701 971/3.820-29.274
生成字替换线条963/1.8661 394/2.702
颜体书法字对照组1 069/2.052-6.5482 098/4.066-31.506
生成字替换线条999/1.9361 437/2.784
瘦金体书法字对照组1 063/2.060-6.1142 032/3.938-29.085
生成字替换线条998/1.9341 441/2.792
柳体书法字对照组1 051/2.037-3.8061 978/3.833-26.643
生成字替换线条1 011/1.9601 451/2.812
欧体书法字对照组1 048/2.031-4.8661 849/3.583-23.256
生成字替换线条997/1.9321 419/2.750
赵体书法字对照组1 045/2.025-4.5931 872/3.630-21.955
生成字替换线条997/1.9321 461/2.831
打印字统一结构1 028/1.9923.2911 592/3.0919.935
表2  字体美感和风格词汇的频次和总频率统计
图7  各字体样品的美感选择结果
图8  各字体样品的风格选择结果
字体相关系数

(书法字,

生成字)

(生成字,

打印字)

(书法字,

打印字)

颜体0.6220.6490.579
柳体0.7140.7270.498
欧体0.6630.6270.516
赵体0.6120.6040.568
瘦金体0.6730.6680.574
自创0.6130.5810.573
总体0.6460.6390.564
表3  字体美感相关性
字体相关系数

(书法字,

生成字)

(生成字,

打印字)

(书法字,

打印字)

颜体-0.0480.2510.616
柳体0.0770.2160.700
欧体-0.0810.1640.679
赵体-0.3060.1390.342
瘦金体0.2290.0060.047
自创0.298-0.156-0.208
总体0.0730.1000.304
表4  字体风格相关性
书体相关性
自创颜体瘦金体柳体欧体赵体
自创1.000.040.360.030.040.05
颜体-1.000.170.910.910.81
瘦金体--1.000.320.300.23
柳体---1.000.940.74
欧体----1.000.75
赵体-----1.00
表5  6种书体的书法字风格相关性
书体相关性
自创颜体瘦金体柳体欧体赵体
自创1.000.680.830.720.720.78
颜体-1.000.870.960.950.94
瘦金体--1.000.880.880.91
柳体---1.000.940.95
欧体----1.000.96
赵体-----1.00
表6  6种书体的生成字风格相关性
书体相似度提升/%
自创颜体瘦金体柳体欧体赵体
自创063.4546.6168.8372.0573.35
颜体069.475.073.9613.06
瘦金体056.4857.8268.94
柳体00.3920.84
欧体020.65
赵体0
表7  替换线条后风格相似度的提升
书体相似度提升/%
自创颜体瘦金体柳体欧体赵体
自创032.2717.2328.4027.5521.83
颜体-013.284.315.445.77
瘦金体--011.5511.808.53
柳体---05.695.12
欧体----04.08
赵体-----0
表8  统一结构后风格相似度的提升
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