Response time optimization of high-pressure common rail giant magnetostrictive injector based on response surface method

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2025.04.167

Chinese Journal of Engineering Design

2025, Vol. 32

Issue (3): 373-382 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2025.04.167

Optimization Design

Response time optimization of high-pressure common rail giant magnetostrictive injector based on response surface method

Caofeng YU^1,²(

),Yikai HU¹,Yongyong DUAN¹,Zixian WEI¹,Ning WANG¹

^1.School of Mechatronics Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

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Abstract

To improve the dynamic response characteristics of high-pressure common rail injectors, a high-pressure common rail giant magnetostrictive injector was designed based on the giant magnetostrictive material rod and the hydraulic reversing mechanism. On the basis of briefly describing the overall structure design and working principle of this injector, considering the nonlinear hysteresis characteristics of its driving part, an electro-magnetic-mechanical-hydraulic multiphysics coupling model was established based on the Jiles-Atherton hysteresis model. Then, a complete simulation model of the injector was constructed. The needle valve signal was selected as the evaluation index for fuel injection response speed, and the optimal preload force of the needle valve spring was determined. Finally, the parameters such as the control piston diameter, the control cavity volume, the oil inlet diameter and the oil outlet diameter were optimized by using the response surface method, and the influence of the optimized parameters on the response time of the injector was analyzed based on the fitting equation. The results showed that compared with before optimization, the opening delay of the needle valve after optimization was reduced by 3.251%, the opening time was reduced by 1.364%, the closing delay was reduced by 9.465%, and the closing time was reduced by 14.848%. The research indicates that the adopted optimization method can effectively improve the response speed of the needle valve, which is conducive to enhancing the small-quantity fuel injection and multiple fuel injection performance of the high-pressure common rail injector.

Key words： giant magnetostrictive injector Jiles-Atherton hysteresis model response surface method parameter optimization

Received: 04 September 2024 Published: 02 July 2025

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	Caofeng YU
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Cite this article:

Caofeng YU,Yikai HU,Yongyong DUAN,Zixian WEI,Ning WANG. Response time optimization of high-pressure common rail giant magnetostrictive injector based on response surface method. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2025, 32(3): 373-382.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2025.04.167 OR https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/Y2025/V32/I3/373

基于响应面法的高压共轨式超磁致伸缩喷油器响应时间优化

为提升高压共轨式喷油器的动态响应特性，基于超磁致伸缩材料棒及液压换向机构，设计了一种高压共轨式超磁致伸缩喷油器。在简述该喷油器整体结构设计和工作原理的基础上，考虑其驱动部分的磁滞非线性特征，基于Jiles-Atherton磁滞模型建立了其电-磁-机-液多场耦合模型。随后，搭建了完整的喷油器仿真模型，选取针阀信号作为喷油响应速度评价指标，确定了针阀弹簧预紧力的最优值。最后，采用响应面法优化了控制活塞直径、控制腔容积、进油孔直径和出油孔直径等参数，并基于拟合方程分析了优化后各参数对喷油器响应时间的影响。结果显示：相较于优化前，优化后针阀的开启延迟缩短了3.251%，开启时间缩短了1.364%，关闭延迟缩短了9.465%，关闭时间缩短了14.848%。研究表明，所采用的优化方法可有效提高针阀的响应速度，有助于提升高压共轨式喷油器的小油量喷油及多次喷油性能。

关键词： 超磁致伸缩, 喷油器, Jiles-Atherton磁滞模型, 响应面法, 参数优化

Fig.1 Structure diagram of high-pressure common rail GMI

Fig.2 Working principle of high-pressure common rail GMI

Fig.3 Simulation model of high-pressure common rail GMI

Table 1 Main parameters of high-pressure common rail GMI

Fig.4 Driving current waveform

Fig.5 Experimental platform for measuring displacement of GMI driving part

Fig.6 Displacement comparison of GMI driving part

Fig.7 Distribution of response time of needle valve

Table 2 Initial value and value range of each structural parameter of GMI

Fig.8 Proportion of importance of each structural parameter in GMI

Fig.9 Univariate analysis results of preload force of needle valve spring

Table 3 Factor level table for response surface test of GMI structural parameters

Table 4 Response surface test results of GMI structural parameters

Fig.10 Normal probability distribution of residuals of response surface model

Fig.11 Distribution of predicted and actual values of GMI response time

方差与信噪比	数值
r²	0.997 4
r $A 2$	0.994 8
r $P 2$	0.985 1
信噪比	73.245 7

Table 5 Error analysis results of response surface model

Fig.12 Influence of each structural parameter on response time of GMI

Table 6 Comparison of simulation results of GMI response time before and after optimization

Fig.13 Comparison of speed, displacement of needle valve and fuel injection rate of GMI before and after optimization


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