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工程设计学报  2026, Vol. 33 Issue (1): 86-94    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2026.04.157
优化设计     
考虑动态客运量的地铁车辆部件预防性维修策略
高纪宁(),王红(),何勇,张启真,权海锐
兰州交通大学 机电工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
Preventive maintenance strategy for metro vehicle component considering dynamic passenger capacity
Jining GAO(),Hong WANG(),Yong HE,Qizhen ZHANG,Hairui QUAN
School of Mechanical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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摘要:

城市内人口流动频繁、出行需求繁多,导致地铁客运量分布不均。为探究客运量分布的随机性和不均衡性对地铁车辆维修策略经济性及可用性的复杂影响,提出了考虑动态客运量的部件维修策略多目标优化方法。首先,引入加速失效模型构建随机客运量与基础客运量间的部件等效役龄转换方法,建立了动态客运量影响下的部件故障率模型。然后,选用初级维修和高级维修两种维修方式,构建了地铁车辆部件经历不同等级非完美维修的可靠度演化模型。最后,考虑到客运量分布不均衡所导致的差异化列车停机惩罚成本,以部件维修周期、维修方式为维修策略的决策变量,建立了以维修成本和维修时间为优化目标的维修模型,并使用遗传算法求解出最优维修计划。算例分析表明,所提出的预防性维修策略可实现列车停机时刻与客流分布的相协调,避免了维修任务落入高客流区间所导致的高额停机惩罚成本,相较于不考虑客运量影响的维修策略,可节省9.1%的维修成本,缩短4.1%的维修时间。研究结果可为相关因素影响下地铁车辆部件维修策略的改进提供一定参考。

关键词: 城市轨道交通预防性维修遗传算法地铁车辆部件多目标优化    
Abstract:

Due to the frequent population movement and diverse travel demands within the urban, the metro passenger capacity is unevenly distributed. To explore the complex impacts of the randomness and imbalance of passenger capacity distribution on the economy and the availability of metro vehicle maintenance strategies, a multi-objective optimization method for component maintenance strategies considering dynamic passenger capacity is proposed. Firstly, an accelerated failure model was introduced to develop a component equivalent service life conversion method between random passenger capacity and baseline passenger capacity, leading to the construction of a component failure rate model under the influence of dynamic passenger capacity. Secondly, two maintenance approaches of primary maintenance and advanced maintenance were selected to construct a reliability evolution model for metro vehicle components under different levels of imperfect maintenance. Finally, considering the differentiated train downtime penalty costs caused by uneven passenger capacity distribution and using component maintenance cycles and types as decision variables for maintenance strategies, a maintenance model was established with maintenance cost and maintenance time as optimization objectives, and the optimal maintenance plan was solved using the genetic algorithm. Case study analysis showed that the proposed preventive maintenance strategy could coordinate the train downtime with passenger flow distribution, avoiding high downtime penalty costs caused by the maintenance tasks falling into high passenger flow intervals. Compared with the maintenance strategy that did not consider passenger capacity impact, it could reduce maintenance costs by 9.1% and shorten maintenance time by 4.1%. The research results can provide certain references for improving metro vehicle component maintenance strategies under the influence of relevant factors.

Key words: urban rail transit    preventive maintenance    genetic algorithm    metro vehicle component    multi-objective optimization
收稿日期: 2024-07-15 出版日期: 2026-03-01
CLC:  U 279.3  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(72061022);甘肃省青年科技基金资助项目(22JR5RA373)
通讯作者: 王红     E-mail: gjnlzjtu@163.com;wh@mail.lzjtu.cn
作者简介: 高纪宁(2000—),男,硕士生,从事轨道车辆设备预防性维修策略研究,E-mail: gjnlzjtu@163.com
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引用本文:

高纪宁,王红,何勇,张启真,权海锐. 考虑动态客运量的地铁车辆部件预防性维修策略[J]. 工程设计学报, 2026, 33(1): 86-94.

Jining GAO,Hong WANG,Yong HE,Qizhen ZHANG,Hairui QUAN. Preventive maintenance strategy for metro vehicle component considering dynamic passenger capacity[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2026, 33(1): 86-94.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2026.04.157        https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2026/V33/I1/86

图1  不同客运区间分布及预防性维修周期示意
图2  两级非完美维修下部件故障率演化规律
图3  多目标遗传算法流程
参数取值参数取值
cj/元320tj/h0.5
ch/元680th/h1.2
cr/元1 620tr/h3.0
cd/元1 200φs/万人6 390
cg/元1 800γ/(元/人)5
表1  车门装置维修参数
图4  客运量及客运量调整因子变化曲线
图5  不同迭代次数下的最优解集对比
优化倾向维修周期/d维修时机对应客运区间的αk维修方式维修时间talt/h维修成本C/元
维修成本C680.87-0.98-1.13-0.97-0.700-0-0-0-135.0122 852
维修时间talt480.98-0.76-0.98-1.13-1.16-0.97-0.700-1-1-1-1-1-132.2524 497
表2  不同优化倾向下的维修计划对比
优化倾向维修成本C/元维修时间talt/h
维修成本C23 03335.83
维修时间talt24 66432.92
表3  基于多目标粒子群算法的优化结果
方案维修周期/d维修时机对应不同客运区间的αk维修计划talt/hCr/元Cp/元Cd/元Cs/元C/元
1680.87-0.98-1.13-0.97-0.700-0-0-0-135.0116 2001 9604 69222 852
2460.98-0.76-0.98-1.13-1.16-0.97-0.910-0-0-0-0-0-136.5113 0932 6008 2681 17925 140
表4  2种维修方案对比

cd/

(元/人)

方案Cd/元C/元C的变化率/%
80013 12821 570-8.4
25 51223 547
1 00013 91022 250-9.0
26 89024 460
1 20014 69222 852-9.1
28 26825 140
1 40015 47423 424-8.7
29 64625 646
1 60016 25623 959-8.0
211 02426 046
表5  不同cd下方案1与方案2的维修成本对比
cr/元tr/h方案维修时间talt/htalt变化率/%维修成本C/元C变化率/%
9721.8123.92-3.015 510-9.3
224.6517 091
1 2962.4129.40-8.719 281-7.4
232.2021 169
1 6203.0135.01-4.122 852-9.1
236.5125 140
1 9443.6139.96-2.426 289-8.2
240.9328 629
2 2684.2144.29-3.329 510-7.2
245.7831 791
表6  不同cr和tr下方案1与方案2的维修时间和维修成本对比
方案优化目标维修时间talt/h维修成本C/元
3C35.8222 852
4talt32.2525 462
表7  基于单目标优化的维修时间与维修成本
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