Evaluation of generator side inertia based on electromechanical oscillation of power system

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.04.023

Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)

2025, Vol. 59

Issue (4): 870-878 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.04.023

Evaluation of generator side inertia based on electromechanical oscillation of power system

Zhiqiang REN1,2(

),Mingxing TIAN1,2,*(

),Yu JIANG1,2,Dongfeng XING1,2

1. School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2. Rail Transit Electrical Automation Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China

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Abstract

The connection of new energy power generation equipment to the power generation side leads to the emergence of “weak inertia” characteristics on the power generation side, which affects the safe and stable operation of the system. The synchronous phase measurement unit (PMU) was used to measure the electromechanical oscillation response, and based on the electromechanical oscillation parameter under small perturbation, an inertia assessment method for the power generation side was proposed. Based on the characteristics of the inertia response process, the unbalanced power allocation equation related to the inertia of each generator was derived. Based on the relationship between the small-signal state equation and the characteristic root of the multi-machine system, the formula for calculating the inertia of the generation side of a multi-machine system was derived. The inertia calculation of the generation side of a single-machine system was introduced, and the measurement methods of inertia ratio and the intrinsic oscillation frequency in the inertia calculation formula were described. The correctness of the proposed method was verified by simulation examples of a single-machine system, a dual-machine interconnection system, a WSCC 3-machine 9-node system, and a 10-machine 39-node system. Results show that the generation side inertia evaluation values obtained with the proposed method in several systems are close to the actual values and have good adaptability. The method can be used for power system generation side inertia evaluation.

Key words： power system generation side inertia evaluation inertia response electromechanical oscillation small-signal state equation

Received: 25 January 2024 Published: 25 April 2025

CLC:

TM 71

Fund: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（52167013）；甘肃省自然科学基金重点项目（24JRRA225）；甘肃省自然科学基金资助项目（23JRRA891）.

Corresponding Authors: Mingxing TIAN E-mail: rzqlzjtu@163.com;tianmingxing@mail.lzjtu.cn

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Cite this article:

Zhiqiang REN,Mingxing TIAN,Yu JIANG,Dongfeng XING. Evaluation of generator side inertia based on electromechanical oscillation of power system. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2025, 59(4): 870-878.

URL:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.04.023 OR https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2025/V59/I4/870

基于电力系统机电振荡的发电侧惯量评估

新能源发电设备接入发电侧会导致发电侧呈现“弱惯量”特征，影响系统的安全稳定运行. 利用同步相量测量单元(PMU)测量机电振荡响应，提出基于小扰动下机电振荡参数的发电侧惯量评估方法. 根据惯量响应过程的特点，推导与各发电机惯量有关的不平衡功率分配公式. 根据多机系统小信号状态方程与特征根的关系，推导多机系统发电侧惯量计算公式. 介绍单机系统发电侧惯量的计算方法，阐述惯量计算公式中的惯量比与固有振荡频率的测量方法. 通过单机系统、双机互联系统、WSCC3机9节点系统、10机39节点系统仿真算例验证所提方法的正确性. 结果表明，所提方法在多个系统中的发电侧惯量评估值与实际值接近，具有良好的适应性，可用于电力系统的发电侧惯量评估.

关键词： 电力系统, 发电侧惯量评估, 惯量响应, 机电振荡, 小信号状态方程

Fig.1 Multi-machine system schematic

Fig.2 Structural diagram of single-machine infinite bus system

Tab.1 Parameters of single-machine infinity bus system

Fig.3 Power angle oscillation curve of single-machine infinite bus system

Fig.4 Structural diagram of dual-machine interconnection system

Tab.2 Parameters of dual-machine interconnection system

Fig.5 Instantaneous active power change curve of each generator (dual-machine interconnection system)

Fig.6 Relative power angle curve between generators for dual-machine interconnection system

Tab.3 Generator inertia evaluation results for dual-machine interconnection system

Fig.7 Structural diagram of WSCC 3-machine 9-node system

Tab.4 Generator parameter of WSCC 3-machine 9-node system

Fig.8 Instantaneous active power change curve of each generator (WSCC 3-machine 9-node system)

Fig.9 Relative power angle curve between generators for WSCC 3-machine 9-node system

Tab.5 Generator inertia evaluation result for WSCC 3-machine 9-node system

Fig.10 Instantaneous active power change curve of each generator after new energy connection (WSCC 3-machine 9-node system)

Fig.11 Relative power angle curve between generators for WSCC 3-machine 9-node system (after new energy connection)

Tab.6 Evaluation result of generation side inertia for WSCC 3-machine 9-node system after new energy connection

Fig.12 Structural diagram of 10-machine 39-node system

Tab.7 Inertia of generator or equivalent generator (10-machine 39-node system)

Tab.8 Active power change of each generator or equivalent generator (10-machine 39-node system)

Tab.9 Oscillation angular frequency of relative power angle curve (10-machine 39-node system)

Tab.10 Evaluation result of generation side inertia for 10-machine 39-node system


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