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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2021, Vol. 55 Issue (4): 757-766    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2021.04.019
机械与能源工程     
单桩式海上风力机整体化地震反应
席仁强1,2(),杜修力1,*(),王丕光1,许成顺1,许坤1
1. 北京工业大学 城市与工程安全减灾教育部重点实验室，北京 100124
2. 常州大学 机械与轨道交通学院，江苏 常州 213164
Integrated seismic response of monopile supported offshore wind turbines
Ren-qiang XI1,2(),Xiu-li DU1,*(),Pi-guang WANG1,Cheng-shun XU1,Kun XU1
1. Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
2. School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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摘要：

为了探讨风-波浪-地震共同作用下单桩式海上风机（OWTs）的动力行为，以National Renewable Energy Laboratory（NREL）5 MW风力发电机为研究对象，将风、地震作为独立事件，根据风-波浪统计关系确定波浪谱参数. 改进FAST软件以模拟土-结相互作用，考虑停机、运行和应急停机3种工况，采用气动-伺服-水动-弹性耦合方法分析海上风机地震响应. 算例表明，工作状态显著影响海上风机支撑结构的运动和内力，规律与地震强弱有关；地震动显著影响叶片挥舞振动速度；在风-波浪-地震的共同作用下，海上风机支撑结构危险截面剪力和弯矩峰值超过极端风-波浪作用效应.
关键词： 单桩式海上风机;  风-波浪-地震共同作用;  风-波浪统计关系;  土-结相互作用;  地震响应    
Abstract:

The 5 MW wind turbine created by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) was taken as the prototype in order to analyze the dynamic behavior of monopile supported offshore wind turbines (OWTs) excited by the combination of wind, wave and earthquake. Then parameters of the wave spectrum were determined by the statistical relationship between wind and wave assuming that wind and earthquake were independent events. The FAST code was modified to simulate the soil-structure interaction, and the seismic response of OWTs was analyzed by using aero-servo-hydro-elastic coupled method. The running, park and emergency shutdown operational conditions were included. Results show that operational conditions significantly influence the deformations and internal forces of the support structure of wind turbines, and the principles are associated with the intensity of earthquakes. The oscillation velocity of the blade is considerably influenced by earthquakes. The amplitudes of shear and bending moment of critical section for the support structure may exceed those excited by extreme wind-wave under the combined excitation of wind, wave and seismic.
Key words: monopile supported offshore wind turbine    combined excitation of wind-wave-earthquake    statistical relation between wind and wave    soil-structure interaction    seismic response
收稿日期: 2020-04-03 出版日期: 2021-05-07
CLC:  TK 89  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51808061，51722801）；国家重点研发计划资助项目（2018YFC1504302）
通讯作者: 杜修力     E-mail: xirenqiang@cczu.edu.cn;duxiuli@bjut.edu.cn
作者简介: 席仁强（1984—），男，博士生，从事地震工程的研究. orcid.org/0000-0002-7727-8719. E-mail： xirenqiang@cczu.edu.cn
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引用本文:

席仁强,杜修力,王丕光,许成顺,许坤. 单桩式海上风力机整体化地震反应[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2021, 55(4): 757-766.

Ren-qiang XI,Xiu-li DU,Pi-guang WANG,Cheng-shun XU,Kun XU. Integrated seismic response of monopile supported offshore wind turbines. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2021, 55(4): 757-766.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2021.04.019    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2021/V55/I4/757

图 1  NREL 5 MW单桩式海上风机
图 2  NREL 5 MW海上风机叶片单元
Vhub /（m·s?1） HS /m TP /s Vhub /（m·s?1） HS /m TP /s
0 1.0 6.0 15 2.0 6.2
5 1.1 5.8 18 2.4 6.7
11 1.5 5.8 21 2.9 7.0
13 1.8 5.9 24 3.4 7.8
表 1  轮毂高度处的平均风速-波浪经验关系
图 3  典型场地土层分布及参数
序号 地震 所选分量 PGA /g Sa（T1）/g 序号 地震 所选分量 PGA /g Sa（T1）/g
1 Kocaeli，1999 ARC090 0.22 0.05 15 Superstition Hills，1987 POE360 0.30 0.11
2 Duzce，1999 BOL000 0.73 0.15 16 Cape Mendocino，1992 RIO270 0.38 0.05
3 Loma-Prieta，1989 CAP000 0.50 0.06 17 Kobe，1995 SHI000 0.24 0.10
4 Chi-Chi，1999 CHY101E 0.28 0.38 18 Friuli，1976 TMZ000 0.35 0.03
5 Imperial-Valley，1979 DLT262 0.21 0.16 19 Landers，1992 YER270 0.25 0.12
6 Kocaeli，1999 DZC180 0.31 0.18 20 Manjil，1990 184327 0.27 0.17
7 Imperial-Valley，1979 E11140 0.36 0.15 21 Darfield，2010 CN26W 0.19 0.34
8 Loma-Prieta，1989 G03090 0.36 0.12 22 El-Mayor，2010 CXO090 0.18 0.22
9 Hector，1999 HEC090 0.34 0.08 23 Duzce，1999 DZC270 0.27 0.13
10 Superstition Hills，1987 ICC090 0.26 0.13 24 El-Mayor，2010 GEO000 0.27 0.35
11 Northridge，1994 LOS000 0.41 0.11 25 Darfield，2010 HCS89W 0.15 0.22
12 Northridge，1994 MUL009 0.42 0.10 26 Chi-Chi，1999 TCU070N 0.16 0.27
13 Kobe，1995 NIS000 0.51 0.07 27 Chi-Chi，1999 TCU109N 0.16 0.36
14 SanFernando，1971 PEL090 0.21 0.09 ? ? ? ? ?
表 2  输入地震动及其工程参数
振型 f0
本文模型 文献[24]模型
前后向1阶 0.242 0.248
前后向2阶 1.568 1.546
侧向1阶 0.244 0.246
侧向2阶 1.519 1.533
表 3  NREL 5 MW单桩式海上风机支撑结构自振频率
图 4  NREL 5 MW海上风机前后向振型
组合 Vhub /（m·s?1） HS /m TP /s 地震 运行状态
LC-1 0 1.0 6.0 参与 停机
LC-2 11 1.5 5.8 参与 运行
LC-3 11 1.5 5.8 参与 应急停机
表 4  风-波浪-地震荷载组合
图 5  输入地震动为DZC记录的海上风机塔顶加速度时程
图 6  输入地震动为DZC记录的海上风机应急停机操作
图 7  输入地震动为DZC记录的海上风机动力响应时程
图 8  输入地震动为CHY记录的海上风机塔顶加速度时程
图 9  输入地震动为CHY记录的海上风机弯矩响应时程
图 10  海上风机支撑结构泥面剪力峰值
图 11  支撑结构泥面弯矩峰值-地震动加速度反应谱关系
图 12  不同工况的海上风机支撑结构泥面弯矩峰值
图 13  不同工况下的海上风机塔顶位移峰值
图 14  不同工况下的海上风机塔顶加速度峰值
图 15  海上风机叶片翼尖速度时程
图 16  海上风机叶片翼尖速度增量峰值
图 17  输入地震动反应谱及时程
图 18  海上风机支撑结构响应峰值
图 19  海上风机支撑结构的泥面内力峰值
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