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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2021, Vol. 55 Issue (10): 1885-1893    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2021.10.010
土木工程、交通工程     
复杂环境条件下改性膨润土的抗盐性能
杨微1,2,3(),任孟健1,2,3,陈仁朋1,2,3,*(),刘雪莹1,2,3,康馨1,2,3
1. 湖南大学 建筑安全与节能教育部重点实验室，湖南 长沙 410082
2. 湖南大学 建筑安全与环境国际联合研究中心，湖南 长沙 410082
3. 湖南大学 土木工程学院，湖南 长沙 410082
Salt resistance of modified bentonite in complex environment
Wei YANG1,2,3(),Meng-jian REN1,2,3,Ren-peng CHEN1,2,3,*(),Xue-ying LIU1,2,3,Xin KANG1,2,3
1. Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
2. National Center for International Research Collaboration in Building Safety and Environment, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
3. College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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摘要：

为了增强膨润土防水毯(GCL)的抗盐性，使用聚丙烯酸钠对膨润土进行改性，采用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、Zeta电位和自动比表面及孔隙度分析仪(BET)，分析材料的微观结构及特性. 结果表明，膨润土颗粒与聚合物发生了良好的结合作用，改性膨润土表面出现新的亲水官能团，土颗粒分散更均匀，片层结构更清晰. 在改性剂作用下原有小孔隙被包裹和填充，改性土比表面积减小，平均孔径增大. 改性土在不同pH、阳离子类型和不同浓度盐溶液作用下的自由膨胀试验结果表明，改性土的膨胀性能提升显著. 渗透试验结果显示，改性土水中渗透系数由原土的10?8 m/s减少至10?9 m/s数量级，且在同浓度盐溶液中抗渗性能有明显增强.
关键词： 改性膨润土;  抗盐性;  膨润土防水毯(GCL);  膨胀性;  渗透性    
Abstract:

The bentonite was modified with sodium polyacrylate, and the microstructure characteristics of the material were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Zeta potential and BET in order to enhance the salt resistance of geosynthetic clay liner (GCL). Results show that the bentonite particles have a good combination with the polymer, and new hydrophilic functional groups appear on the surface of the modified bentonite. The dispersion of the modified bentonite is more uniform, and the lamella structure is clearer. The specific surface area of the modified soil decreases and the average pore diameter increases as the small pores are wrapped and filled by the modifier. The swelling properties of the modified bentonite with different pH, cation types and cation concentrations showed that the swelling performance of modified bentonite was significantly improved. The results of the permeability test showed that the permeability coefficient of the modified soil was reduced from 10?8 m/s of the bentonite to the order of 10?9 m/s, and the impermeability of the modified soil was significantly enhanced in the same concentration of salt solution.
Key words: modified bentonite    salt-resistance    geosynthetic clay liner (GCL)    swelling    permeability
收稿日期: 2021-01-14 出版日期: 2021-10-27
CLC:  TU 411  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（52078207，51938005）；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目（41807261）；湖南省科技计划资助项目（2019RS1030）
通讯作者: 陈仁朋     E-mail: yangwei86@hnu.edu.cn;chenrp@hnu.edu.cn
作者简介: 杨微（1986—），女，副教授，从事环境岩土工程及岩土材料分子动力学模拟技术的研究. orcid.org/0000-0002-7189-9266. E-mail： yangwei86@hnu.edu.cn
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引用本文:

杨微,任孟健,陈仁朋,刘雪莹,康馨. 复杂环境条件下改性膨润土的抗盐性能[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2021, 55(10): 1885-1893.

Wei YANG,Meng-jian REN,Ren-peng CHEN,Xue-ying LIU,Xin KANG. Salt resistance of modified bentonite in complex environment. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2021, 55(10): 1885-1893.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2021.10.010    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2021/V55/I10/1885

%
w(SiO2) w(Al2O3) w(Fe2O3) w(CaO) w(Na2O) w(MgO) w(K2O) w(TiO2) w(P2O5) w(SO3)
62.839 16.337 5.817 5.399 3.614 3.224 1.331 1.331 0.255 0.136
表 1  膨润土的化学成分
mB /(cmol·kg?1) 0.5m(Ca2+)/(cmol·kg?1) 0.5m(Mg2+)/(cmol·kg?1) m(Na+)/(cmol·kg?1) m(K+)/(cmol·kg?1)
83.69 4.76 2.12 71.70 5.11
表 2  膨润土阳离子交换容量
图 1  膨胀性试验图
土样 mF /(mL·(2g)?1) m /(mL·(2g)?1)
原土 37.0 23.5
改性土 74.0 43.5
表 3  膨润土及改性土膨胀性能
图 2  渗透试验土样与装置图
图 3  扫描电镜图片
图 4  原土及改性土的X射线衍射图
图 5  改性前、后膨润土红外吸收光谱图
图 6  原土及改性土的接触角
图 7  膨润土及改性土的Zeta电位
图 8  原土和改性膨润土的N2吸附-脱附曲线
土样 s /(m2·g?1) v /(cm3·g?1) r /nm
原土 30.006 8 0.080 795 10.770 3
改性土 1.315 9 0.005 201 15.810 7
表 4  膨润土及改性膨润土的比表面积及孔径
图 9  不同pH下的膨胀性
pH mF /(mL·(2g)?1) pp /%
原土 改性土
2 17.5 42.0 140.0
4 37.0 51.5 39.2
6 37.5 61.0 62.7
8 37.0 71.0 91.2
10 36.0 64.0 77.8
12 38.0 46.0 21.1
表 5  不同pH下的改性土膨胀性能提升
图 10  不同盐溶液中的自由膨胀量
图 11  不同阳离子溶液下的渗透系数
图 12  不同阳离子浓度下的自由膨胀量
溶液 mF /(mL·(2g)?1) pp /%
原土 改性土
NaCl (0.01 mol/L) 37.0 50.5 36.5
NaCl (0.02 mol/L) 36.5 45.5 24.7
NaCl (0.03 mol/L) 35.0 40.5 15.7
KCl (0.01 mol/L) 34.5 39.5 14.5
KCl (0.02 mol/L) 32.5 34.0 4.6
KCl (0.03 mol/L) 26.0 30.5 17.3
CaCl2 (0.01 mol/L) 22.5 35.5 57.8
CaCl2 (0.02 mol/L) 15.0 22.0 46.7
CaCl2 (0.03 mol/L) 13.5 15.0 11.5
AlCl3 (0.01 mol/L) 17.0 30.0 76.5
AlCl3 (0.02 mol/L) 15.0 27.5 83.3
AlCl3 (0.03 mol/L) 14.5 26.0 79.3
表 6  不同阳离子浓度下改性土膨胀性能的提升
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