Please wait a minute...
浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2025, Vol. 59 Issue (9): 1920-1930    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.09.016
电气工程     
考虑碳量引导EV集群的含智能软开关主动配电网优化策略
鄢仁武1(),林剑雄1,叶晨欣2,叶荣3,李培强4,匡宇5
1. 福建理工大学 电子电气与物理学院，福建 福州 350118
2. 国网福州市长乐区供电公司，福建 福州 350200
3. 国网福州供电公司，福建 福州 350009
4. 湖南大学 电气与信息工程学院，湖南 长沙 410082
5. 国网新源浙江磐安抽水蓄能有限公司，浙江 金华 322304
Optimization strategy for soft open point-containing active distribution networks considering carbon-guided electric vehicle clustering
Renwu YAN1(),Jianxiong LIN1,Chenxin YE2,Rong YE3,Peiqiang LI4,Yu KUANG5
1. School of Electrical, Electronics, and Physics, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China
2. Fuzhou Changle District Power Supply Company of State Grid Co. Ltd, Fuzhou 350200, China
3. Fuzhou Power Supply Company of State Grid Co. Ltd, Fuzhou 350009, China
4. College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
5. State Grid Xinyuan Company Zhejiang Panan Pumped Storage Co. Ltd, Jinhua 322304, China
 全文: PDF(1680 KB)   HTML
摘要：

为了提高风光新能源消纳，充分挖掘电动汽车（EV）集群参与主动配电网优化运行以及降低系统碳排放的潜力，提出考虑碳量引导EV集群的含智能软开关（SOP）主动配电网双层优化策略. 上层在EV集群接入前提下，以系统运行成本最低为目标，协调优化分布式电源以及智能软开关的有功无功出力；以充放电成本最低为目标构建下层基于闵可夫斯基和的EV集群广义储能优化模型，并提出基于动态碳排放因子的动态电价机制引导车网能量交互，实现双方主体利益共赢. 通过改进IEEE 33节点系统进行仿真验证，结果表明，该策略能够有效促进主动配电网与EV集群间的友好互动，减少系统电压越限风险.
关键词： 电动汽车;  主动配电网;  智能软开关;  动态碳排放因子;  动态电价    
Abstract:

A bi-level optimization strategy for active distribution networks with smart soft open point (SOP) considering carbon-guided electric vehicle (EV) clustering was proposed, in order to improve the consumption of wind-solar new energy and fully exploit the potential of EV clusters in optimal operation of active distribution networks for carbon emission reduction. Firstly, under the premise of EV cluster integration, the active/reactive power outputs of distributed generators and SOPs were coordinated and optimized by the upper layer to minimize system operation costs. Secondly, the lower-layer generalized energy storage optimization model for EV clusters based on Minkowski sums was constructed to minimize charging-discharging costs. A dynamic tariff mechanism based on dynamic carbon emission factor was proposed to guide vehicle-grid energy interaction and achieve win-win benefits for both parties. Finally, simulation verification on the improved IEEE 33-node system showed that the strategy could effectively promote friendly interaction between active distribution network and EV cluster, reducing the risk of system voltage overruns.
Key words: electric vehicle    active distribution network    soft open point    dynamic carbon emission factor    dynamic tariff
收稿日期: 2024-09-25 出版日期: 2025-08-25
CLC:  TM 73  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52377097) .
作者简介: 鄢仁武（1981—），副教授，硕导，博士，从事综合能源系统低碳优化调度研究. orcid.org/0000-0003-3531-5400. E-mail：yrw2010@fjut.edu.cn
服务　　
把本文推荐给朋友
加入引用管理器
E-mail Alert
作者相关文章　　
鄢仁武
林剑雄
叶晨欣
叶荣
李培强
匡宇

引用本文:

鄢仁武,林剑雄,叶晨欣,叶荣,李培强,匡宇. 考虑碳量引导EV集群的含智能软开关主动配电网优化策略[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2025, 59(9): 1920-1930.

Renwu YAN,Jianxiong LIN,Chenxin YE,Rong YE,Peiqiang LI,Yu KUANG. Optimization strategy for soft open point-containing active distribution networks considering carbon-guided electric vehicle clustering. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2025, 59(9): 1920-1930.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.09.016    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2025/V59/I9/1920

图 1  闵可夫斯基加法
图 2  双层模型求解流程图
图 3  改进的IEEE-33节点拓扑图
集群接入
时间		驶离
时间		起始荷电状态集群1内
EV数量		集群2内
EV数量
1N(19,4)N(7,4)U(0.3,0.4)U(70,80)U(20,30)
2N(8,2)N(18,2)U(0.4,0.5)U(20,30)U(70,80)
表 1  各EV集群抽样参数
图 4  风光预测出力及基础负荷
场景$ {F_{{\text{ADN}}}} $/元$ {F_{{\text{Grid}}}} $/元$ {F_{{\text{DG}}}} $/元$ {F_{{\text{loss}}}} $/元$ {F_{{\text{QFQG}}}} $/元$ {F_{{\text{CO2}}}} $/元$ {F_{{\text{EV}}}} $/元
114 189.1411 586.374 287.88443.43921.401 302.314 352.26
212 918.309 056.474 193.29437.49742.661 211.872 723.47
310 579.715 595.204 983.94439.150.00996.851 435.42
表 2  不同场景下的成本
图 5  不同场景的调度计划图
图 6  动态电价与动态碳排放因子
图 7  EV集群充、放电情况
场景$ \Delta P$/MW$\sigma^2 $/MW2
12.560.53
22.260.35
31.940.29
表 3  不同场景下的负荷变化
图 8  不同场景下的负荷曲线图
场景$ {F_{{\text{ADN}}}} $/元$ {F_{{\text{Grid}}}} $/元$ {F_{{\text{DG}}}} $/元$ {F_{{\text{loss}}}} $/元$ {F_{{\text{QFQG}}}} $/元$ {F_{{\text{CO2}}}} $/元$ {F_{{\text{SOPloss}}}} $/元$ {F_{{\text{EV}}}} $/元
310 579.725 595.204 983.94439.150.00996.850.001 435.42
410 257.305 508.014 873.09231.060.00977.41106.291 438.56
510 489.695 564.874 960.42355.500.00992.0658.571 441.73
610 413.585 544.334 932.60317.120.00987.2671.691 439.42
710 447.345 557.054 942.29337.140.00989.2362.221 440.59
810 464.345 559.354 948.32334.290.00990.0969.091 436.80
表 4  SOP接入下各部分成本
图 9  SOP出力曲线图
场景$\Delta u $/p.u.场景$\Delta u $/p.u.
10.297750.1758
20.268560.1684
30.208970.1727
40.130080.1677
表 5  不同场景下的电压偏移
图 10  不同场景节点电压分布图
图 11  不同模型下的求解时间
1 辛保安, 单葆国, 李琼慧, 等 “双碳” 目标下“能源三要素” 再思考[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42 (9): 3117- 3126
XIN Baoan, SHAN Baoguo, LI Qionghui, et al Rethinking of the “three elements of energy” toward carbon peak and carbon neutrality[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42 (9): 3117- 3126
2 JI Z, HUANG X Plug-in electric vehicle charging infrastructure deployment of China towards 2020: policies, methodologies, and challenges[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018, 90: 710- 727
doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.011
3 裴振坤, 王学梅, 康龙云 电动汽车参与电网辅助服务的控制策略综述[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2023, 47 (18): 17- 32
PEI Zhenkun, WANG Xuemei, KANG Longyun Review on control strategies for electric vehicles participating in ancillary services of power grid[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2023, 47 (18): 17- 32
doi: 10.7500/AEPS20220728005
4 KE S, CHEN L, YANG J, et al Vehicle to everything in the power grid (V2eG): a review on the participation of electric vehicles in power grid economic dispatch[J]. Energy Conversion and Economics, 2022, 3 (5): 259- 286
doi: 10.1049/enc2.12070
5 程杉, 钟仕凌, 尚冬冬, 等 考虑电动汽车时空负荷分布特性的主动配电网动态重构[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2022, 50 (17): 1- 13
CHENG Shan, ZHONG Shiling, SHANG Dongdong, et al Dynamic reconfiguration of an active distribution network considering temporal and spatial load distribution characteristics of electric vehicles[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2022, 50 (17): 1- 13
6 林文键, 朱振山, 温步瀛 含电动汽车和智能软开关的配电网动态重构[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2022, 42 (10): 202- 209,217
LIN Wenjian, ZHU Zhenshan, WEN Buying Dynamic reconfiguration of distribution network with electric vehicles and soft open point[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2022, 42 (10): 202- 209,217
7 王岩庆, 王骁, 丛若晨, 等 考虑配电网运行安全的出行电动汽车充电引导策略[J]. 高电压技术, 2023, 49 (5): 2131- 2139
WANG Yanqing, WANG Xiao, CONG Ruochen, et al Charging guidance strategy of traveling electric vehicle considering the operation safety of distribution network[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2023, 49 (5): 2131- 2139
8 蔡小婷, 杨健维, 廖凯, 等 考虑负荷时空均衡和弹性响应的电动汽车快充电价定价策略[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2024, 44 (2): 94- 102
CAI Xiaoting, YANG Jianwei, LIAO Kai, et al Pricing strategy of electric vehicle fast charging price considering space-time equilibrium and elastic response of load[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2024, 44 (2): 94- 102
9 郝丽丽, 王国栋, 王辉, 等 考虑电动汽车入网辅助服务的配电网日前调度策略[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2020, 44 (14): 35- 43
HAO Lili, WANG Guodong, WANG Hui, et al Day-ahead scheduling strategy of distribution network considering electric vehicle-to-grid auxiliary service[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2020, 44 (14): 35- 43
10 张良, 孙成龙, 蔡国伟, 等 基于PSO算法的电动汽车有序充放电两阶段优化策略[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42 (5): 1837- 1852
ZHANG Liang, SUN Chenglong, CAI Guowei, et al Two-stage optimization strategy for coordinated charging and discharging of EVs based on PSO algorithm[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42 (5): 1837- 1852
11 张潇, 栗然, 马涛, 等 基于主从博弈和贪心策略的含电动汽车主动配电网优化调度[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2020, 40 (4): 103- 110
ZHANG Xiao, LI Ran, MA Tao, et al Stackelberg game and greedy strategy based optimal dispatch of active distribution network with electric vehicles[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2020, 40 (4): 103- 110
12 王成山, 季节, 冀浩然, 等 配电系统智能软开关技术及应用[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2022, 46 (4): 1- 14
WANG Chengshan, JI Jie, JI Haoran, et al Technologies and application of soft open points in distribution networks[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2022, 46 (4): 1- 14
13 HUO Y, LI P, JI H, et al Data-driven adaptive operation of soft open points in active distribution networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2021, 17 (12): 8230- 8242
doi: 10.1109/TII.2021.3064370
14 熊正勇, 陈天华, 杜磊, 等 基于改进灵敏度分析的有源配电网智能软开关优化配置[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2021, 45 (8): 129- 137
XIONG Zhengyong, CHEN Tianhua, DU Lei, et al Optimal allocation of soft open point in active distribution network based on improved sensitivity analysis[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2021, 45 (8): 129- 137
15 王杰, 王维庆, 王海云, 等 考虑越限风险的主动配电网中DG、SOP与ESS的两阶段协调规划[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2022, 50 (24): 71- 82
WANG Jie, WANG Weiqing, WANG Haiyun, et al Two-stage coordinated planning of DG, SOP and ESS in an active distribution network considering violation risk[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2022, 50 (24): 71- 82
16 章博, 刘晟源, 林振智, 等 高比例新能源下考虑需求侧响应和智能软开关的配电网重构[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2021, 45 (8): 86- 94
ZHANG Bo, LIU Shengyuan, LIN Zhenzhi, et al Distribution network reconfiguration with high penetration of renewable energy considering demand response and soft open point[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2021, 45 (8): 86- 94
17 章攀钊, 谢丽蓉, 马瑞真, 等 考虑电动汽车集群可调度能力的多主体两阶段低碳优化运行策略[J]. 电网技术, 2022, 46 (12): 4809- 4825
ZHANG Panzhao, XIE Lirong, MA Ruizhen, et al Multi-player two-stage low carbon optimal operation strategy considering electric vehicle cluster schedulability[J]. Power System Technology, 2022, 46 (12): 4809- 4825
18 詹祥澎, 杨军, 韩思宁, 等 考虑电动汽车可调度潜力的充电站两阶段市场投标策略[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2021, 45 (10): 86- 96
ZHAN Xiangpeng, YANG Jun, HAN Sining, et al Two-stage market bidding strategy of charging station considering schedulable potential capacity of electric vehicle[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2021, 45 (10): 86- 96
19 傅长熠, 杨镜非, 顾家辉 基于双层动态时段划分的配电网重构[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2022, 42 (6): 30- 36,52
FU Changyi, YANG Jingfei, GU Jiahui Reconfiguration of distribution network based on bi-level dynamic time division[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2022, 42 (6): 30- 36,52
20 宋泽淏, 冯华, 陈晓刚, 等 基于节点碳势的配电网分布式资源低碳调度策略[J]. 高电压技术, 2023, 49 (6): 2320- 2332
SONG Zehao, FENG Hua, CHEN Xiaogang, et al Low-carbon scheduling strategy of distributed energy resources based on node carbon intensity for distribution networks[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2023, 49 (6): 2320- 2332
21 高红均, 刘俊勇, 沈晓东, 等 主动配电网最优潮流研究及其应用实例[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37 (6): 1634- 1645
GAO Hongjun, LIU Junyong, SHEN Xiaodong, et al Optimal power flow research in active distribution network and its application examples[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37 (6): 1634- 1645
22 葛津铭, 刘志文, 王朝斌, 等 考虑需求响应的高比例光伏配电网低碳调度[J]. 电网技术, 2024, 48 (5): 1929- 1937
GE Jinming, LIU Zhiwen, WANG Chaobin, et al Low-carbon dispatching of high proportion photovoltaic distribution network considering demand response[J]. Power System Technology, 2024, 48 (5): 1929- 1937
23 米阳, 申杰, 卢长坤, 等 考虑含储能的三端智能软开关与需求侧响应的主动配电网有功无功协调优化[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2024, 52 (3): 104- 118
MI Yang, SHEN Jie, LU Changkun, et al Active and reactive power coordination optimization of an active distribution network considering a three-terminal soft open point with energy storage and demand response[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2024, 52 (3): 104- 118
24 王成磊, 匡熠, 濮永现, 等 基于改进生成对抗网络场景生成的长-短期储能优化配置[J]. 高电压技术, 2024, 50 (3): 1131- 1144
WANG Chenglei, KUANG Yi, PU Yongxian, et al Optimal configuration of long-term and short-term energy storage based on improved generative adversarial network scenarios[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2024, 50 (3): 1131- 1144
[1] 刘迪迪,钟松秀,刘以团,邹艳丽,唐超尘. 协同光伏和电动汽车的智能家庭能量管理优化策略[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2025, 59(9): 1902-1910.
[2] 陈喜群,钱忆薇,莫栋. 电动汽车充电平台充电桩数量和价格协同优化[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2023, 57(9): 1785-1793.
[3] 杜凯,朱国荣,陆江华,庞牧野. 电动汽车无线充电系统金属异物检测方法[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2022, 56(1): 56-62.
[4] 夏雪,赵震,张晋杰,唐亮. 车用圆柱锂电池及模组的机械完整性[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2021, 55(11): 2134-2141.
[5] 尚夏,王美佳,许刘晓,章立辉. 城市区域电动汽车充电设施配置优化[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2020, 54(6): 1210-1217.
[6] 潘宁, 于良耀, 张雷, 宋健, 张永辉. 电液复合制动系统防抱控制的舒适性[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2017, 51(1): 9-16.
[7] 叶丽雅,汪震,文福拴,杨俊,江道灼. V2G代理商调频服务经济效益评估[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2016, 50(9): 1831-1840.
[8] 巫江虹, 薛志强, 金鹏, 李会喜. 电动汽车热泵空调微通道换热器温度分布特性[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2016, 50(8): 1537-1544.
[9] 马浩军,朱绍鹏,俞小莉,许印川,林鼎. 考虑侧倾运动的电动汽车电子差速控制[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2016, 50(3): 566-573.
[10] 李顶根 陈军 吴朝晖. 基于Arm-Linux的车载信息平台的研制[J]. J4, 2006, 40(9): 1531-1535.