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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2025, Vol. 59 Issue (8): 1727-1737    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.08.020
计算机技术、控制工程、通信技术     
用于低轨卫星扩频通信系统的高动态快捕算法
徐兆斌1,2,3(),谢志强1,袁新博1,金小军1,2,3,金仲和1,2,3
1. 浙江大学 微小卫星研究中心，浙江 杭州 310027
2. 浣江实验室，浙江 诸暨 311899
3. 浙江省微纳卫星研究重点实验室，浙江 杭州 310027
High dynamic fast acquisition algorithm for low orbit satellite spread spectrum communication system
Zhaobin XU1,2,3(),Zhiqiang XIE1,Xinbo YUAN1,Xiaojun JIN1,2,3,Zhonghe JIN1,2,3
1. Micro-satellite Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
2. Huanjiang Laboratory, Zhuji 311899, China
3. Key Laboratory of Micro-satellite Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310027, China
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摘要：

针对低轨卫星扩频通信系统信噪比较低且多普勒频偏较大的问题，提出改进的FFT-IFFT捕获算法. 利用扫频区间的边带信息估计捕获区间，在高灵敏度高动态条件下减少FFT次数并缩短捕获时间. 结合数字自动增益控制(AGC)辅助的捕获机制降低误捕概率，提升了算法的可靠性. 理论分析与实验表明，改进算法比传统算法更有优势，在满足检测概率大于99%、最小载噪比为34.66 dB、最小信噪比为16 dB的情况下，极限灵敏度可达?130 dBm，总多普勒频偏捕获范围可达140 kHz，捕获时间低至0.8 s，满足实际应用的需求，已应用于浙江大学自主研制的某大规模低轨卫星星座中.
关键词： 低轨卫星;  捕获算法;  多普勒频偏;  高灵敏度;  高动态    
Abstract:

An improved FFT-IFFT acquisition algorithm was proposed aiming at the problems of low SNR and large Doppler frequency offset in low orbit satellite spread spectrum communication system. The sideband information of the swept frequency interval was used to estimate the acquisition interval, which can reduce the number of FFT and shorten the acquisition time under high sensitivity and high dynamic conditions. The probability of false acquisition was reduced and the reliability of the algorithm was improved combined with the acquisition mechanism assisted by digital automatic gain control (AGC). Theoretical analysis and experiments showed that the improved algorithm was better than traditional algorithms. The maximum sensitivity can reach ?130 dBm, the total Doppler frequency offset acquisition range can reach 140 kHz, and the acquisition time is as low as 0.8 s when the detection probability is greater than 99%, the minimum CNR is 34.66 dB and the minimum SNR is 16 dB, which meets the needs of practical application. The improved algorithm had been applied in a large-scale low orbit satellite constellation independently developed by Zhejiang University.
Key words: low orbit satellite    acquisition algorithm    Doppler frequency offset    high sensitivity    high dynamic
收稿日期: 2024-07-10 出版日期: 2025-07-28
:  TN 927  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（U21A20443，62073289）.
作者简介: 徐兆斌（1984—），男，副教授，从事微纳卫星总体设计、星群通信及组网的研究. orcid.org/0000-0003-3059-8947. E-mail：zjuxzb@zju.edu.cn
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引用本文:

徐兆斌,谢志强,袁新博,金小军,金仲和. 用于低轨卫星扩频通信系统的高动态快捕算法[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2025, 59(8): 1727-1737.

Zhaobin XU,Zhiqiang XIE,Xinbo YUAN,Xiaojun JIN,Zhonghe JIN. High dynamic fast acquisition algorithm for low orbit satellite spread spectrum communication system. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2025, 59(8): 1727-1737.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.08.020    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2025/V59/I8/1727

图 1  扩频通信系统
图 2  FFT-IFFT捕获算法的原理
图 3  分组并行FFT-IFFT捕获算法
图 4  捕获算法的区间分布
图 5  边带区间作差曲线
图 6  捕获概率密度函数
图 7  数字AGC增益曲线
图 8  算法对比的示意图
图 9  FFT-IFFT组的计算次数曲线
图 10  扫频次数的对比曲线
图 11  莱斯概率密度曲线
图 12  捕获概率与信噪比曲线
参数数值参数数值
${n_{\mathrm{B}}}$2${\text{DO}}{{\text{P}}_{\text{R}}}/{\mathrm{kHz}}$$ \pm 70$
${\text{p}}{{\text{n}}_{\text{r}}}/{\mathrm{MHz}}$$6.138$$T/{\mathrm{s}}$$ < 0.8$
${n_{\mathrm{F}}}$$1\;024$${P_{{\mathrm{FA}}}}$$ < {10^{ - 4}}$
$V$$512$${P_{{\mathrm{FD}}}}$$ < {10^{ - 2}}$
${\text{FF}}{{\text{T}}_{{\text{NUM}}}}$$11$$\delta ({f_{\mathrm{e}}})/{\mathrm{dB}}$$ < 2$
$(0.5{T_{\mathrm{h}}}\sigma _{\mathrm{n}}^{-2})/{\mathrm{dB}}$$13.9$${\text{SNR}}/{\mathrm{dB}}$$ > 16$
${\text{FF}}{{\text{T}}_{\text{R}}}/{\mathrm{Hz}}$$1\;360$${P_{\min }}/{\mathrm{dBm}}$$ > - 136.34$
${f_{\mathrm{D}}}/{\mathrm{(kbit·s^{-1})}}$$1.0\sim 2.0$$H/{\mathrm{km}}$490
${f_{\mathrm{B}}}$S-Band——
表 1  扩频通信系统的参数
图 13  捕获峰值与频偏码偏的关系
图 14  边带区间捕获
图 15  不同信噪比下的捕获结果
图 16  边带区间的作差结果
图 17  作差结果的线性误差
图 18  硬件仿真捕获流程的波形
图 19  射频前端硬件电路
图 20  硬件测试平台的结构
图 21  实际的扩频通信平台
图 22  算法的误捕情况对比
图 23  不同入口功率下的解扩波形
算法${\text{DO}}{{\text{P}}_{\text{R}}}/{\mathrm{kHz}}$$T/{\mathrm{s}}$${f_{\mathrm{D}}}/{\mathrm{Hz}}$fmin/dB
传统算法$ \pm 70$$ < 1.2$$1.0\sim 2.0$?128
改进算法$ \pm 70$$ < 0.8$$1.0\sim 2.0$?130
表 2  捕获算法的性能指标对比
P/dBme/10?6
传统算法改进算法
$ - 130$$32$$4.74$
$ - 129$$ 55.6 $$6.09 $
$ - 128$$3.10$$2.67$
$ - 127$$3.68 $$2.41 $
$ - 126$$1.09$$1.86$
表 3  捕获算法的误码率结果对比
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