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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2025, Vol. 59 Issue (8): 1583-1589    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.08.004
机械工程、能源工程     
叠片导磁棒式集成化速度传感器的建模与实验
丁川1,2(),朱子帅1,2,夏宁1,2,高鹏辉1,2,裴升祥1,2
1. 浙江工业大学 机械工程学院，浙江 杭州 310023
2. 浙江工业大学 特种装备制造与先进加工技术教育部重点实验室，浙江 杭州 310023
Modeling and experiment of integrated speed sensor based on laminated magnetic rod
Chuan DING1,2(),Zishuai ZHU1,2,Ning XIA1,2,Penghui GAO1,2,Shengxiang PEI1,2
1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
2. Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
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摘要：

为了提高液压缸与速度传感器之间的集成度，提出基于磁感应式设计理念的速度传感器. 该传感器用液压缸活塞运动改变缸体不同位置的磁通量，用霍尔元件感应磁通量的变化，实现位移和速度的测量. 参考行业内叠压硅钢片的方式，通过将导磁棒离散化再叠片的方式进行涡流抑制来改善传感器的动态性能，通过公式推导和Maxwell三维仿真模型验证叠片厚度对叠片式导磁棒涡流损耗的影响. 使用叠片式导磁棒的新式传感器与标准传感器，开展对比标定实验. 结果表明，当输入正弦流量信号时，使用叠片式导磁棒的新式传感器的复现频率达到5 Hz；当输入阶跃流量信号时，响应滞后时间降至0.30 s. 结果验证了优化方案的可行性.
关键词： 液压缸;  速度传感器;  Maxwell仿真;  叠片式导磁棒;  标定实验    
Abstract:

A speed sensor based on magnetic induction principles was proposed to improve the integration of hydraulic cylinders with speed sensor. Piston motion was employed to modulate magnetic flux distribution along the cylinder body, with Hall-effect sensors detecting flux variation to realize the measurement of displacement and speed. Eddy currents were mitigated via discretized and laminated magnetic rods to enhance dynamic response inspired by industrial laminated silicon steel stacking techniques. Theoretical analysis and Maxwell 3D simulations verified the influence of lamination thickness on eddy current losses within these rods. Comparative calibration experiments between the novel sensor based on laminated magnetic rod and conventional sensors revealed that the proposed design attained a tracking bandwidth of 5 Hz under sinusoidal flow excitation, while step-flow tests yielded a reduced response latency of 0.30 s. Results verified the feasibility of the optimized sensor configuration.
Key words: hydraulic cylinder    speed sensor    Maxwell simulation    laminated magnetic rod    calibration experiment
收稿日期: 2024-07-11 出版日期: 2025-07-28
:  TP 212  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51805480）；浙江省自然科学基金资助项目（ZCLMS25E0502）.
作者简介: 丁川（1986—），男，副教授，从事高性能液压元件和高速、超高压液压系统的研究. orcid.org/ 0000-0002-1034-2261. E-mail：chuanding@zjut.edu.cn
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丁川
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引用本文:

丁川,朱子帅,夏宁,高鹏辉,裴升祥. 叠片导磁棒式集成化速度传感器的建模与实验[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2025, 59(8): 1583-1589.

Chuan DING,Zishuai ZHU,Ning XIA,Penghui GAO,Shengxiang PEI. Modeling and experiment of integrated speed sensor based on laminated magnetic rod. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2025, 59(8): 1583-1589.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.08.004    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2025/V59/I8/1583

图 1  集成于动态缸中的速度传感器机械结构
图 2  活塞移动时磁感线分布的理论示意图
图 3  叠片式导磁棒截面
图 4  叠片结构的单片示意图
图 5  线性霍尔元件处的磁感应强度趋势
图 6  速度传感器的Maxwell三维仿真模型
参数数值参数数值
缸体外径/mm130线圈线径/mm0.3
缸体内径/mm92线圈电阻/Ω12
永磁体材料NdFe30导磁棒直径/mm20
永磁体直径/mm40导磁棒长度/mm275
永磁体厚度/mm10活塞行程/mm200
线圈匝数900——
表 1  速度传感器仿真模型的物理参数设置
图 7  不同加工条件下导磁棒对阶跃信号响应的影响
图 8  不同频率正弦信号下叠片厚度对线圈感应电动势的影响
图 9  不同叠片厚度导磁棒的频率响应伯德图
图 10  叠片导磁棒式速度传感器的测量标定实验台
仪器参数
比例伺服换向阀HD-
4WRPEH6C4B12L		7 MPa阀压差下公称体积流量为40 L/min，阶跃响应时间(0~100%)<10 ms，响应频率(控制电压UE±100%)为60 Hz
标准速度传感器
SD-150		测量量程为0~0.1 m/s，精度为1%，输出电压为500 mV
标准位移传感器
WY-150		测量量程为0~250 mm，精度为1%，输出电压为0~5 V
数据采集卡研华
USB-4716		16路模拟输入，采样速率为1.5×105 s?1
泵源额定压力为7 MPa，额定体积流量为300 L/min
溢流阀
HD-DB10-1-10B/315		最大压力为31 MPa，最大体积流量为650 L/min
表 2  测量标定实验台实验仪器的性能参数
图 11  叠片式导磁棒稳态测量特性的实验结果比较
图 12  叠片式导磁棒阶跃响应测量特性标定的实验结果示意图
图 13  标准正弦测量特性标定实验的结果示意图
图 14  叠片导磁棒式速度传感器的频响特性
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