基于优化第三代非支配排序遗传算法的城市应急设施模糊选址

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2024.09.008

浙江大学学报(工学版)

2024, Vol. 58

Issue (9): 1832-1843 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2024.09.008

土木与建筑工程

基于优化第三代非支配排序遗传算法的城市应急设施模糊选址

朱云辰1,2(

),程明骏2,3,郑昕文2,岑沛立4,郗祥硕5,黄杉1,2,6,*(

),华晨1,2,黄海2

1. 浙江大学建筑工程学院，浙江杭州 310058
2. 浙江大学建筑设计研究院有限公司，浙江杭州 310028
3. 浙江大学公共管理学院，浙江杭州 310058
4. 浙江大学医学院附属第二医院，浙江杭州 310009
5. 浙江大学机械工程学院，浙江杭州 310058
6. 浙江大学平衡建筑研究中心，浙江杭州 310027

Fuzzy location selection of urban emergency facilities based on optimized non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III

Yunchen ZHU1,2(

),Mingjun CHENG2,3,Xinwen ZHENG2,Peili CEN4,Xiangshuo XI5,Shan HUANG1,2,6,*(

),Chen HUA1,2,Hai HUANG2

1. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2. The Architectural Design and Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310028, China
3. School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
4. The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
5. School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
6. Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

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摘要：

以杭州市上城区2022年全年核酸检测点记录数据为基础，采用优化型第三代非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA3），将杭州市上城区划分为10 786 个50 m×50 m的人口点，模拟每个人口点去往周边核酸检测这一聚集性应急行为，并进行50 000 次迭代. 将迭代结果进行核密度分析，分别得出基于单设施点的15 min生活圈优化结果、基于双设施点的15 min生活圈优化结果、基于适老化需求修正的设施点优化结果，以及基于单设施点的5 min生活圈优化结果. 结果显示，以单设施点的15 min生活圈优化结果为例，在不改变服务能力的前提下，基于优化NSGA3迭代后的核酸检测点网络，将设施平均可达时间从292.44 s优化到了264.62 s. 基于核酸检测这一行为结果形成城市应急设施的模糊选址范围，得出“小集聚-大分散”空间规律；在此基础上将模糊选址范围转化为“社区级多功能应急空间”，为将来发生应急事件，进行临时应急设施选点决策时提供理论建议.

关键词： 第三代非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA3); 应急公共事件; 应急设施选点; 模糊选址; 杭州市

Abstract:

Based on the recorded data of nucleic acid testing points in the Shangcheng district of Hangzhou in 2022, and dividing Shangcheng district into 10 786 population points (50 m×50 m), an optimized non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA3) was used to simulate the collective emergency behavior of each population point moving towards nearby nucleic acid testing points. This simulation was carried out with 50 000 iterations, and the kernel density analysis was performed on the iteration results. The optimization results of the 15-minute living circle based on a single facility point, the optimization results of the 15-minute living circle based on dual facility points, the optimization results of the facility points based on the needs of the elderly, and the optimization results of the 5-minute living circle based on a single facility point were obtained. Results showed that, taking the optimization results of the 15-minute living circle based on a single facility point as an example, without changing the service capacity, the average accessibility time of the facilities was optimized from 292.44 s to 264.62 s by the iterated nucleic acid testing points network through the optimized NSGA3 algorithm. A fuzzy site selection range for urban emergency facilities based on the results was formed. The spatial pattern of "agglomeration at the micro level and dispersion at the macro level" was identified. These results of fuzzy site selection range could be subsequently transformed into a "community-level multifunctional emergency space", which can provide theoretical advice for site selection decisions for temporary emergency facilities in the event of future emergencies.

Key words: non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA3) emergency public event emergency facility selection fuzzy location selection Hangzhou City

收稿日期: 2023-07-03 出版日期: 2024-08-30

CLC:

TU 984

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金应急管理项目（71841006）；2020年度浙江大学平衡建筑研究中心立项项目（K横20203314）；2021年度浙江大学平衡建筑研究中心立项项目（K横20212791）；住房和城乡建设部科技计划资助项目（2015-R2-061）；浙江省2023年建设科研资助项目（2023K245）.

通讯作者: 黄杉 E-mail: 21412106@zju.edu.cn;archer58@zju.edu.cn

作者简介: 朱云辰（1992—），男，工程师，博士生，从事国土空间规划、城市更新、交通运输研究. orcid.org/0000-0002-7856-3335. E-mail：21412106@zju.edu.cn

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引用本文:

朱云辰,程明骏,郑昕文,岑沛立,郗祥硕,黄杉,华晨,黄海. 基于优化第三代非支配排序遗传算法的城市应急设施模糊选址[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2024, 58(9): 1832-1843.

Yunchen ZHU,Mingjun CHENG,Xinwen ZHENG,Peili CEN,Xiangshuo XI,Shan HUANG,Chen HUA,Hai HUANG. Fuzzy location selection of urban emergency facilities based on optimized non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2024, 58(9): 1832-1843.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2024.09.008 或 https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2024/V58/I9/1832

图 1 基于NSGA3的模糊选址范围研究总体技术路径图

图 2 基于目标函数的优化NSGA3演算框架

图 3 NSGA3下50000次迭代结果点核密度分析图

图 4 设施点加倍后NSGA3下50000次迭代结果点核密度分析图

图 5 基于适老化需求修正后NSGA3下50000次迭代结果点核密度分析图

图 6 基于5 min视角的50000次迭代结果点核密度分析图

图 7 基于核密度分析生成的32个点聚集区分布情况

表 1 基于单设施点的15 min生活圈优化结果下的点聚集区可达时间统计表

图 8 基于核密度分析的设施点模糊选址范围

图 9 小营街道规划案例实证：15 min生活圈设施规划图

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