内燃叉车车架静动特性有限元分析及优化

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.09.001

浙江大学学报(工学版)

2019, Vol. 53

Issue (9): 1637-1646 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.09.001

机械工程

内燃叉车车架静动特性有限元分析及优化

童水光1(

),苗嘉智1,童哲铭1,*(

),何顺1,相曙锋2,帅向辉2

1. 浙江大学机械工程学院，浙江杭州 310027
2. 杭叉集团股份有限公司，浙江杭州 311305

Finite element analysis and optimization for static and dynamic characteristics of diesel forklift frame

Shui-guang TONG1(

),Jia-zhi MIAO1,Zhe-ming TONG1,*(

),Shun HE1,Shu-feng XIANG2,Xiang-hui SHUAI2

1. College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
2. Hang Fork Group Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 311305, China

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摘要：

为校验某高新企业研发的3 t内燃叉车车架可靠性并进一步改善其综合性能，采用有限元法分析其静动特性.计算车架在临界工况下的受力情况；进行模态分析，得到前6阶固有频率和振型；以模态分析结果为基础对车架进行谐响应分析；利用M2052高阻尼合金垫片对车架振动性能进行优化. 结果表明：车架在临界工况下的最大应力达到141.75 MPa，低于车架材料的许用应力，具有较高安全性；车架前端板在一阶固有频率附近的振幅较大，改用M2052高阻尼合金垫片使其振幅峰值最大下降了20%，振动性能得到了明显改善.

关键词： 叉车车架; 动静特性; 有限元分析; M2052高阻尼合金垫片; 减震性能

Abstract:

To verify the reliability of the 3-ton diesel forklift frame developed by a high-tech enterprise and to further improve its comprehensive performance, static and dynamic characteristics of the frame were analyzed by finite element method. The situation of forced frame under the critical condition was calculated. The preceding six-order natural frequencies and shapes were obtained by modal analysis. The harmonic response of the frame was analyzed based on the results of modal analysis. Finally, the high damping M2052 alloy gasket was used to optimize the vibration performance of the frame. Results show that the maximum stress of the frame was 141.75 MPa under the critical condition, which was lower than the allowable stress of the frame material. Therefore, the frame has high safety performance. The front-end plate of the frame has a large amplitude near the first order natural frequency. The frame amplitude peak decreased up to 20% by using the high damping M2052 alloy gasket, and its vibration performance is improved obviously.

Key words: forklift frame static and dynamic characteristics finite element analysis (FEA) high damping M2052 alloy gasket aseismic performance

收稿日期: 2018-07-12 出版日期: 2019-09-12

CLC:

TH 242

通讯作者: 童哲铭 E-mail: cetongsg@zju.edu.cn;tzm@zju.edu.cn

作者简介: 童水光（1960—），男，教授，从事重大机械装备设计及优化. orcid.org/0000-0001-5908-7401. E-mail： cetongsg@zju.edu.cn

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引用本文:

童水光,苗嘉智,童哲铭,何顺,相曙锋,帅向辉. 内燃叉车车架静动特性有限元分析及优化[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2019, 53(9): 1637-1646.

Shui-guang TONG,Jia-zhi MIAO,Zhe-ming TONG,Shun HE,Shu-feng XIANG,Xiang-hui SHUAI. Finite element analysis and optimization for static and dynamic characteristics of diesel forklift frame. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2019, 53(9): 1637-1646.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.09.001 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2019/V53/I9/1637

图 1 叉车车架模型简化前、后示意图

图 2 网格划分方案优化流程图

表 1 叉车车架整体网格划分方案

图 3 叉车车架局部结构网格划分方案

图 4 叉车车架网格划分结果

表 2 叉车车架的受力情况

图 5 叉车车架受到的载荷和约束

图 6 叉车门架受力示意图

图 7 叉车车架等效应力云图

图 8 叉车车架结构误差云图

图 9 叉车车架总位移云图

图 10 叉车车架前6阶振型图

表 3 叉车车架前6阶固有频率及振型描述

表 5 几种常见发动机的固有平衡特性

表 4 新柴4D32XG30发动机主要技术参数

图 11 直列4缸机往复惯性力平衡性分析

图 12 曲柄连杆机构中力的传递

图 13 发动机倾覆力矩随时间的变化情况

图 14 叉车车架倾覆力矩的加载位置

图 15 叉车怠速起动时车架前端板的加速度响应

图 16 车架前端板及垫片材料

表 6 M2052合金的力学性能参数

图 17 改变垫片材料后车架前端板的加速度响应

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