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浙江大学学报(工学版)  2021, Vol. 55 Issue (2): 358-366    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2021.02.016
土木工程、交通工程     
基于网络变结构优化的大型活动交通拥堵预防方法
王忠宇1(),王玲2,王艳丽2,吴兵2,*()
1. 上海海事大学 交通运输学院,上海 201306
2. 同济大学 道路与交通工程教育部重点实验室,上海 201804
Traffic congestion prevention method during large-scale special events based on variable network topology optimization
Zhong-yu WANG1(),Ling WANG2,Yan-li WANG2,Bing WU2,*()
1. College of Transport and Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
2. Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
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摘要:

为了降低道路交通拥堵发生的风险和应对成本,基于网络变结构基础模型,提出适应大型活动拥堵预防的中微观层面的网络变结构优化方法和流程. 分别建立路段和交叉口变结构模型,以复合饱和度最小为路段变结构的优化目标,以进口各相位流量比之和最小为交叉口变结构的优化目标. 结合大型活动交通运行和拥堵演化特征,提出网络变结构关键路段的概念及识别原则,设定受影响路段双向交通重要度权重,将交叉口变结构作为路段变结构的连带、辅助策略,研究优化模型的解法,并以北京首都体育馆一次大型活动散场交通为案例,对提出方法进行实证研究. 结果表明,在研究范围内实施变结构优化可以预防活动诱增交通引发的拥堵,有利于解决严重的交通方向不均衡问题,各相关路段复合饱和度改善比例均超过10%,表明所提方法能有效调节网络交通供需的短时结构性不匹配,在现有条件下优化交通基础设施存量而避免增量造成的资源浪费,是以精细化管控为导向的方法.

关键词: 交通工程大型活动拥堵预防网络变结构优化设计    
Abstract:

A set of methodology and process of variable network topology optimization at the middle and micro view level for large-scale special events congestion prevention was proposed based on the basic model, in order to reduce the risk and the combating costs of road traffic congestion. The variable topology models of roadway sections and intersections were established respectively, with the minimum composite saturation degree as the optimization objective of the roadway section variable topology, and the minimum sum of volume ratios of various phases on the approach as the optimization objective of the intersection variable topology. The concept and the identification principles of the key roadway sections of the variable network topology were proposed, the two-way traffic importance weights of the affected roadway sections were set, and the intersection variable topology was used as the joint and auxiliary strategy for roadway section variable topology combined with the traffic operation and congestion evolution characteristics of the large-scale special events. The optimization model solution methods were also studied. The empirical study of the proposed method was based on the leaving traffic of a large-scale special event held in Capital Indoor Stadium in Beijing. Results show that the implementation of variable topology optimization in the study area can prevent congestion caused by special event attracted traffic, which is conducive to solving the problem of serious imbalances of two-way traffic directions. The improvement percentage of composite saturation degree on all relevant roadway sections was more than 10%, indicating that the proposed method can effectively adjust the short-term structural mismatch of network traffic supply and demand, and optimize the transportation infrastructure stock under existing conditions to avoid the waste of resources caused by infrastructure increases, and it is a fine management oriented method.

Key words: traffic engineering    large-scale special events    congestion prevention    variable network topology    optimization design
收稿日期: 2020-05-13 出版日期: 2021-03-09
CLC:  U 491.13  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(71804127,51138003);道路与交通工程教育部重点实验室开放课题资助项目(K202003)
通讯作者: 吴兵     E-mail: wangzy@shmtu.edu.cn;wubing@tongji.edu.cn
作者简介: 王忠宇(1983—),男,讲师,博士,从事交通管理与控制研究. orcid.org/0000-0001-9503-0568. E-mail: wangzy@shmtu.edu.cn
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引用本文:

王忠宇,王玲,王艳丽,吴兵. 基于网络变结构优化的大型活动交通拥堵预防方法[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2021, 55(2): 358-366.

Zhong-yu WANG,Ling WANG,Yan-li WANG,Bing WU. Traffic congestion prevention method during large-scale special events based on variable network topology optimization. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2021, 55(2): 358-366.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2021.02.016        http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2021/V55/I2/358

图 1  路段变结构示意图
图 2  交叉口变结构示意图
图 3  大型活动道路网络变结构优化实施流程
图 4  北京首都体育馆周边路网
图 5  研究范围内路段背景和叠加大型活动后交通v/c图
编号 道路名称 路段起点 路段讫点 叠加v /c Δv /c KD
1 紫竹院路 中关村南大街 西三环北路 0.67 0.37 0.69
2 西外大街 中关村南大街 三里河路 0.85 0.52 0.72
3 西外大街 三里河路 动物园路 0.78 0.45 0.70
4 车公庄西路 首都体育馆
南路
西三环北路 0.74 0.37 0.67
5 西三环北路 紫竹院路 万寿寺路 0.94 0.27 0.59
6 中关村
南大街
紫竹院路 民族大学南路 0.89 0.52 0.71
7 中关村
南大街
民族大学南路 魏公村路 0.96 0.52 0.68
8 首都体育馆
南路
紫竹院路 新苑街 0.81 0.44 0.69
9 首都体育馆
南路
新苑街 车公庄西路 0.89 0.45 0.67
表 1  研究范围内关键路段(含类关键路段)汇总
编号 道路名称 路段起点 路段讫点 m Xc $ X_c'$ ΔXc /Xc /%
1 紫竹院路 中关村南大街 西三环北路 1 0.55 0.48 12.40
2 西外大街 中关村南大街 三里河路 1 0.71 0.60 15.15
3 西外大街 三里河路 动物园路 1 0.64 0.56 13.36
4 车公庄西路 首都体育馆南路 西三环北路 1 0.62 0.56 10.36
6 中关村南大街 紫竹院路 民族大学南路 1 0.74 0.63 14.28
7 中关村南大街 民族大学南路 魏公村路 1 0.79 0.70 11.40
8 首都体育馆南路 紫竹院路 新苑街 1 0.68 0.59 12.40
9 首都体育馆南路 新苑街 车公庄西路 1 0.74 0.67 10.36
表 2  研究范围内关键路段(含类关键路段)实施可变车道方案及改善效果
交叉口名称 实施前渠化方案 实施后渠化方案
中关村南大街—魏公村路
中关村南大街—万寿寺路
首都体育馆南路—车公庄西路
西三环北路—车公庄西路
表 3  研究范围内代表性交叉口可变转向车道实施方案
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