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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2021, Vol. 55 Issue (3): 455-461    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2021.03.005
机械工程     
尾随半挂车队列行进的轿车燃油经济性研究
于梦婷1,2,3(),汪怡平1,2,3,苏楚奇1,2,3,*(),陶琦1,2,3,史建鹏4
1. 武汉理工大学 现代汽车零部件技术湖北省重点实验室，湖北 武汉 430070
2. 武汉理工大学 汽车零部件技术湖北省协同创新中心，湖北 武汉 430070
3. 武汉理工大学 湖北省新能源与智能网联车工程技术研究中心，湖北 武汉 430070
4. 东风汽车集团有限公司技术中心，湖北 武汉 430070
Research on fuel economy of car trailing semitrailer in platoon
Meng-ting YU1,2,3(),Ying-ping WANG1,2,3,Chu-qi SU1,2,3,*(),Qi TAO1,2,3,Jian-peng SHI4
1. Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
2. Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Automotive Components Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
3. Hubei Research Center for New Energy and Intelligent Connected Vehicle, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
4. Dongfeng Motor Corporation Technical Center, 430070 Wuhan, China
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摘要：

为了精确研究队列中汽车的燃油消耗情况，以一辆轿车尾随一辆半挂车为例，对轿车队列尾随过程进行数值模拟，得到尾随过程中轿车的气动阻力系数. 建立轿车散热器-风扇一维散热模型，得到轿车风扇的功率，利用汽车行驶方程，推导得到基于气动阻力系数及风扇功率的车辆净燃油节省率公式，研究队列中尾随轿车的燃油经济性. 结果表明：发动机舱散热对尾随轿车的燃油消耗有一定影响，且间距越大影响越大；轿车的净燃油节省率随车间距的增大而减小，在间距为0.5至1.0倍轿车车长内时，轿车的净燃油节省率对间距变化最敏感.
关键词： 汽车空气动力学;  队列行驶;  燃油消耗;  数值模拟;  发动机散热    
Abstract:

A car trailing a semitrailer was taken to research on the fuel consumption of the vehicles in platoon more accurately. The aerodynamic drag coefficient of the car in the trailing process was obtained by numerical simulation. By building the one-dimensional model of radiator and fan to simulate the heat dissipation of the car, the power of the fan was obtained. The formula of vehicle net fuel saving rate based on aerodynamic drag coefficient and fan power was derived by using vehicle driving equation, and the fuel economy of the trailing car was calculated and analyzed. Results show that the engine compartment heat dissipation has an effect on the fuel consumption of the trailing car in platoon, and the effect increases with the increase of the distance between the car and the semitrailer. The net fuel consumption reduction ratio of the trailing car decreases with the increase of the distance between two vehicles. When the distance is 0.5 to 1.0 times the length of car, the net fuel consumption reduction ratio of the car is most sensitive to the change of distance.
Key words: automobile aerodynamics    platoon driving    fuel consumption    numerical simulation    heat dissipation of engine
收稿日期: 2020-03-04 出版日期: 2021-04-25
CLC:  U 461.8  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51775395）；国家重点研发计划资助项目（2018YFB0105301）
通讯作者: 苏楚奇     E-mail: yumengting1108@qq.com;suchuqi@whut.edu.cn
作者简介: 于梦婷（1995—），女，硕士生，从事汽车热管理研究. orcid.org/0000-0001-9193-1481. E-mail： yumengting1108@qq.com
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引用本文:

于梦婷,汪怡平,苏楚奇,陶琦,史建鹏. 尾随半挂车队列行进的轿车燃油经济性研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2021, 55(3): 455-461.

Meng-ting YU,Ying-ping WANG,Chu-qi SU,Qi TAO,Jian-peng SHI. Research on fuel economy of car trailing semitrailer in platoon. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2021, 55(3): 455-461.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2021.03.005    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2021/V55/I3/455

图 1  半挂车、轿车模型示意图
车型 长/mm 宽/mm 高/mm
半挂车 16700 2430 3963
轿车 5010 2025 1460
表 1  半挂车、轿车模型基本参数
图 2  y=0截面的网格示意图
图 3  轿车、半挂车气动阻力系数变化曲线
图 4  轿车单车行驶及D=0.5l时队列行驶压强分布图
图 5  不同间距下轿车散热器前、后压强及压差
图 6  轿车散热器进气速度的变化曲线
图 7  轿车散热器散热量的变化曲线
主要参数 单位 参数值
散热器芯体规格 mm 500×310×39
扁管数量 根 76
单根扁管内通道数量 个 2
扁管内通道宽 mm 19
扁管内通道高 mm 1.5
扁管壁厚 mm 0.1
翅片高 mm 4.8
翅片间距 mm 1.0
翅片厚 mm 0.1
材料导热系数 W·m?1·K?1 237
表 2  轿车散热器主要参数
图 8  轿车散热器­风扇一维仿真模型
图 9  轿车散热器冷却空气需求量的变化曲线
图 10  轿车风扇增加功率的变化曲线
图 11  轿车因气动阻力系数降低而节省的功率的变化曲线
图 12  轿车只燃油消耗节省率变化曲线
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