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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2020, Vol. 54 Issue (2): 381-388    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.02.020
机械与能源工程     
燃料电池客车高压舱氢气泄漏扩散
余亚波(),邓亚东*()
武汉理工大学 汽车工程学院，湖北 武汉 430070
Hydrogen leakage and diffusion of high voltage cabin of fuel cell bus
Ya-bo YU(),Ya-dong DENG*()
School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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摘要：

为了探究通风面积和通风格栅的布置方式对燃料电池客车高压舱氢气泄漏扩散的影响，建立三维高压舱氢气泄漏扩散模型. 利用数值模拟方法进行研究，结果表明，针对所提到的燃料电池客车高压舱，当总通风面积为0.096 m2时，从氢气开始泄漏到舱内氢气摩尔分数降至安全值以下，所需时间为25 s；当总通风面积为0.128 m2时，所需时间为21 s. 通风面积的增加可以显著加快舱内氢气的扩散. 当通风总面积一定时，相对于增大单个通风格栅的面积，在垂直方向上增加通风格栅的数量能够更加快速有效地使泄漏出的氢气排至舱外. 研究揭示了高压舱内氢气的泄漏扩散过程. 当高压舱内部发生氢气泄漏时，泄漏出的氢气沿舱室两侧向顶部扩散，并在左右两侧最高处聚集，应将氢气浓度传感器布置在舱室左右两侧最高处.
关键词： 燃料电池客车;  氢安全;  泄漏与扩散;  通风格栅;  数值模拟    
Abstract:

A three-dimensional hydrogen leakage and diffusion model of the high voltage cabin of fuel cell bus was established for investing the effect of the ventilation area and the ventilation grilles layout on the hydrogen leakage and diffusion of the high voltage cabin of fuel cell bus. The numerical simulation method was used, and the results showed that for the mentioned high voltage cabin, when the total ventilation area was 0.096 m2, it took 25 s from hydrogen started leaking to the hydrogen mole fraction inside the cabin dropped below the safety value. While the total ventilation area was 0.128 m2, it took 21 s. The increase in the ventilation area can significantly accelerate the diffusion of hydrogen in the cabin. When the total ventilation area is constant, compared with increasing the area of a single ventilation grille, increasing the number of ventilation grilles in the vertical direction can make the leaked hydrogen diffuse out of the cabin more quickly and effectively. Study reveals the hydrogen leakage and diffusion process in the high voltage cabin. When hydrogen leakage occurs inside the high voltage cabin, the leaked hydrogen diffuses to the top along both sides of the cabin, and accumulates at the highest point on the left and right sides. The hydrogen concentration sensor should be placed at the highest point on the left and right sides of the cabin.
Key words: fuel cell bus    hydrogen safety    leakage and diffusion    ventilation grille    numerical simulation
收稿日期: 2019-05-27 出版日期: 2020-03-10
CLC:  U 473.25  
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划资助项目（2018YFB0105301）
通讯作者: 邓亚东     E-mail: yabo94@163.com;dengyadong@sina.com
作者简介: 余亚波（1994—），男，硕士生，从事氢安全研究. orcid.org/0000-0002-3634-4599. E-mail： yabo94@163.com
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引用本文:

余亚波,邓亚东. 燃料电池客车高压舱氢气泄漏扩散[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2020, 54(2): 381-388.

Ya-bo YU,Ya-dong DENG. Hydrogen leakage and diffusion of high voltage cabin of fuel cell bus. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2020, 54(2): 381-388.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.02.020    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2020/V54/I2/381

图 1  氢气泄漏事故后果分析图
图 2  燃料电池客车高压舱布置图
图 3  高压舱简化模型
图 4  计算域及网格示意图
图 5  欠膨胀氢气射流激波结构图
图 6  氢气射流中心线上的摩尔分数
图 7  氢气射流径向上的摩尔分数
布置方式 数量 尺寸/mm S/m2
1 4×2 20×400 0.064
2 6×2 20×400 0.096
3 8×2 20×400 0.128
4 4×2 20×600 0.096
5 4×2 20×800 0.128
表 1  通风格栅参数
图 8  通风格栅布置方式示意图
图 9  高压舱内氢气摩尔分数与3种通风面积的关系
图 10  高压舱内氢气摩尔分数与通风格栅布置方式的关系
图 11  高压舱内氢气摩尔分数与泄漏时长的关系
图 12  采用布置方式2时高压舱内部氢气摩尔分数分布图
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