Analysis of load-bearing characteristics and parameter optimization of hydrostatic guideway in precision grinding machine

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2025.05.120

Chinese Journal of Engineering Design

2025, Vol. 32

Issue (3): 393-402 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2025.05.120

Optimization Design

Analysis of load-bearing characteristics and parameter optimization of hydrostatic guideway in precision grinding machine

Kun ZHANG¹(

),Hongliang GUO¹,Yousheng SHI²,Hongkai LI¹,Dongjie ZHAO¹(

)

^1.School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
^2.Liaocheng Science & Technology Information Research Center, Liaocheng 252000, China

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Abstract

Load-bearing capacity and stiffness are key performance indicators for measuring the load-bearing characteristics of hydrostatic guideways, directly affecting the machining accuracy and stability of precision grinding machines. In response to the unclear interaction mechanism of the structural parameters of the opposed oil pads in hydrostatic guideways and the limitation of existing studies focusing on single oil pad analysis, taking the granite hydrostatic guideway of a certain type of precision grinding machine as the research object, the load-bearing characteristic analysis and parameter optimization under the coupling effect of multiple parameters were systematically carried out. Firstly, based on the theory of fluid mechanics, a mathematical model of the load-bearing characteristics of the hydrostatic guideway was established, and analytical expressions for the load-bearing capacity and stiffness of the opposed oil pads were derived. Then, through single-factor analysis, the independent influence laws of oil supply pressure, oil cavity clearance, oil seal edge width and orifice throttler diameter on the load-bearing characteristics of the hydrostatic guideway were revealed. It was found that the oil supply pressure and oil cavity clearance had a significant impact on the load-bearing capacity and stiffness. Finally, 27 groups of experiments were designed using the BBD (Box-Behnken Design) method, and a second-order polynomial regression model was constructed to analyze the interaction mechanism of multiple parameters. Meanwhile, the multi-objective optimization was carried out based on the response surface method, and the optimal solution set of the design parameters was obtained. The results showed that the load-bearing capacity and stiffness of the optimized hydrostatic guideway were improved by 24.99% and 19.62%, respectively. The research results provide a theoretical reference for the enhancement of the load-bearing performance and parameter optimization of hydrostatic guideways in precision grinding machines.

Key words： hydrostatic guideway load-bearing characteristics interaction parameter optimization response surface method

Received: 12 March 2025 Published: 02 July 2025

CLC:

TH 137

Corresponding Authors: Dongjie ZHAO E-mail: 13563837199@163.com;zhaodongjie@lcu.edu.cn

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Cite this article:

Kun ZHANG,Hongliang GUO,Yousheng SHI,Hongkai LI,Dongjie ZHAO. Analysis of load-bearing characteristics and parameter optimization of hydrostatic guideway in precision grinding machine. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2025, 32(3): 393-402.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2025.05.120 OR https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/Y2025/V32/I3/393

精密磨床液体静压导轨承载特性分析与参数优化

承载力和刚度是衡量液体静压导轨承载特性的关键性能指标，直接影响精密磨床的加工精度与稳定性。针对液体静压导轨对置油垫结构参数的交互作用机制不明确、现有研究多局限于单油垫分析的问题，以某型精密磨床的花岗岩液体静压导轨为研究对象，系统地开展了多参数耦合作用下的承载特性分析与参数优化。首先，基于流体力学理论构建了液体静压导轨承载特性的数学模型，并推导出对置油垫承载力与刚度的解析表达式。然后，通过单因素分析揭示了供油压力、油腔间隙、封油边宽度及小孔节流器直径对液体静压导轨承载特性的独立影响规律，发现供油压力和油腔间隙对承载力和刚度有显著影响。最后，采用BBD（Box-Behnken Design）法设计了27组试验，构建了二阶多项式回归模型，以解析多参数的交互作用机制，并基于响应面法开展了多目标优化，获得了设计参数的最优解集。结果表明：优化后液体静压导轨的承载力和刚度分别提升了24.99%和19.62%。研究结果为精密磨床液体静压导轨的承载性能提升和参数优化提供了一定的理论参考。

关键词： 液体静压导轨, 承载特性, 交互作用, 参数优化, 响应面法

Fig.1 Structure of granite hydrostatic guideway

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of hydrostatic guideway flow passage and its static pressure support cross-section

参数	数值
油垫宽度/mm	100
油垫长度/mm	180
封油边宽度/mm	20
小孔节流器直径/mm	0.16
油腔间隙/ $μ m$	40
初始油膜厚度/ $μ m$	20
供油压力/MPa	1.0
液压油密度/( $k g / m 3$ )	848.4
液压油动力黏度/( $N ? s / m 2$ )	0.019 259

Table 1 Design parameters of hydrostatic guideway and performance parameters of hydraulic oil

Fig.3 Structure diagram of rectangular oil pad and orifice throttler

Fig.4 Force diagram of hydrostatic guideway

Fig.5 Influence of oil supply pressure on load-bearing characteristics of hydrostatic guideway

Fig.6 Influence of oil cavity clearance on load-bearing characteristics of hydrostatic guideway

Fig.7 Influence of oil seal edge width on load-bearing characteristics of hydrostatic guideway

Fig.8 Influence of orifice throttler diameter on load-bearing characteristics of hydrostatic guideway

设计参数	取值范围
供油压力/MPa	0.7 $~$ 1.3
油腔间隙/ $μ m$	40 $~$ 45
封油边宽度/ $m m$	15 $~$ 19
小孔节流器直径/ $m m$	0.15 $~$ 0.18

Table 2 Value range of each design parameter of hydrostatic guideway

序号	因素				承载力/N	刚度/ (N/μm)
序号	A/MPa	B/ $μ m$	C/mm	D/mm	承载力/N	刚度/ (N/μm)
1	1.3	43	15	0.16	7 101.58	1 113.78
2	1.0	43	17	0.16	6 348.41	1 232.36
3	1.0	45	19	0.16	6 348.41	1 232.36
4	1.0	43	19	0.15	7 376.28	1 272.81
5	0.7	43	17	0.15	4 625.09	867.84
6	1.0	45	17	0.18	4 540.32	814.65
7	1.0	40	19	0.16	5 278.16	1 098.28
8	0.7	43	19	0.16	7 587.19	1 595.22
9	1.0	43	19	0.18	7 972.81	1 578.69
10	1.0	43	15	0.15	6 348.41	1 232.36
11	0.7	43	15	0.16	5 700.58	1 137.06
12	0.7	45	17	0.16	7 110.58	1 168.43
13	1.0	40	15	0.16	6 665.54	1 227.99
14	1.3	45	17	0.16	4493.91	858.69
15	1.0	43	17	0.16	5 142.18	1 105.84
16	1.0	43	17	0.16	8 434.93	1 583.41
17	1.0	45	15	0.16	6 136.57	1 214.29
18	1.3	43	17	0.15	9 382.99	1 654.87
19	0.7	40	17	0.16	6 505.82	1 147.17
20	1.0	45	17	0.15	6 380.01	1 389.69
21	1.0	40	17	0.15	4 632.51	791.76
22	1.3	43	17	0.18	3 917.92	793.18
23	1.0	40	17	0.18	7 218.97	1 272.19
24	1.0	43	15	0.18	6 076.52	1 255.80
25	1.3	43	19	0.16	4 912.91	1 069.65
26	1.3	40	17	0.16	5 015.77	797.98
27	0.7	43	17	0.18	7 893.39	1 632.31

Table 3 Experimental schemes and results of design parameter optimization for hydrostatic guideway

来源	承载力		刚度
来源	F值	P值^①	F值	P值^①
模型	1 404.95	$<$ 0.000 1	3 277.88	$<$ 0.000 1
A	1 681.06	$<$ 0.000 1	4 1591.77	$<$ 0.000 1
B	2 158.63	$<$ 0.000 1	2 096.13	$<$ 0.000 1
C	1.46	0.250 0	1 361.20	$<$ 0.000 1
D	4.75	$<$ 0.000 1	49.92	$<$ 0.000 1
AB	25.29	0.000 3	35.48	$<$ 0.000 1
AC	10.68	0.006 7	4.05	0.067 2
AD	61.86	$<$ 0.000 1	2.85	0.117 4
BC	2.95	0.111 8	0.741 6	0.406 0
BD	1.80	0.003 0	5.50	0.037 1
CD	18.16	0.001 1	24.37	0.000 3
$A 2$	14.11	0.002 7	1.70	0.216 2
$B 2$	111.07	$<$ 0.000 1	110.51	$<$ 0.000 1
$C 2$	5.77	0.033 3	2.45	0.143 1
$D 2$	1.69	0.218 3	68.98	$<$ 0.000 1
$r 2$	0.999 4		0.999 7
$r a d j 2$	0.998 7		0.999 4
$r p r e 2$	0.996 5		0.998 5

Table 4 Variance analysis results of load-bearing capacity and stiffness response surface models

Fig.9 Interaction influence of design parameters on load-bearing characteristics of hydrostatic guideway

Table 5 Contribution rate of each design parameter to load-bearing capacity and stiffness

设计参数与性能参数	优化前	优化后
供油压力/MPa	1.0	1.1
油腔间隙/ $μ m$	40	41
封油边宽度/ $m m$	20	15
小孔节流器直径/ $m m$	0.16	0.18
承载力/N	6 140.52	7 675.36
刚度/( $N / μ m$ )	1 098.76	1 314.34

Table 6 Comparison of load-bearing characteristics of hydrostatic guideway before and after optimization


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