Study on bottom hole thermal-fluid-solid coupling of PDC bit in strong abrasive formation

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2022.00.040

Chin J Eng Design

2022, Vol. 29

Issue (4): 446-455 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2022.00.040

Modeling, Simulation, Analysis and Decision

Study on bottom hole thermal-fluid-solid coupling of PDC bit in strong abrasive formation

Xiao-hua ZHU¹(

),Cong LI¹,Wei-ji LIU¹(

),Bin TAN²,Wen XU²

^1.School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
^2.Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co. , Ltd. , China National Petroleum Corporation, Guanghan 618399, China

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Abstract

When the PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) bit breaks rock in the strong abrasive formation, its drill teeth rub violently with cuttings and rocks while scraping and breaking the rock, and the generated local high temperature accelerates the wear failure of drill teeth, which will greatly shorten the service life of the whole bit. Therefore, exploring the influence of temperature on PDC bit wear and improving its hydraulic structure is of great significance to enhance the footage depth of a single bit and reduce the drilling cost. To this end, the relationship between temperature and wear was verified through drill tooth cutting experiment, and the PDC bit bottom hole thermal-fluid-solid coupling model was established on the basis of considering the flow state of bottom hole drilling fluid and the convective heat transfer between the drilling fluid and the drill teeth, and then the interaction between the bottom hole drilling fluid and the PDC bit was analyzed. At the same time, optimization measures for the hydraulic structure of the original PDC bit were proposed. The results showed that: 1) the phenomenon of temperature rise was very obvious in the cutting process of drill teeth, which indicated that temperature was an important factor affecting the wear of PDC bit; 2) the bottom hole flow field of PDC bit was in the state of thermal-fluid-solid coupling, and the flow state of drilling fluid had a great influence on the heat transfer of its drill teeth, which provided a optimization direction for the hydraulic structure of the PDC bit; 3) by adjusting the hydraulic structure such as the flow and angle of the nozzle, the average temperature of drill teeth was reduced, and the wear of PDC bit could be effectively improved. The research results have important guiding significance for the optimal design of drill bits in strong abrasive formations.

Key words： strong abrasive formation rock breaking by bit temperature wear flow field

Received: 17 August 2021 Published: 05 September 2022

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Corresponding Authors: Wei-ji LIU E-mail: Zxhth113@163.com;lwj2017_swpu@163.com

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Cite this article:

Xiao-hua ZHU,Cong LI,Wei-ji LIU,Bin TAN,Wen XU. Study on bottom hole thermal-fluid-solid coupling of PDC bit in strong abrasive formation. Chin J Eng Design, 2022, 29(4): 446-455.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2022.00.040 OR https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/Y2022/V29/I4/446

强研磨性地层中PDC钻头井底热-流-固三场耦合研究

PDC（polycrystalline diamond compact，聚晶金刚石复合片）钻头在强研磨性地层中破岩时，其钻齿在刮切破碎岩石的同时与岩屑、岩石剧烈摩擦，产生的局部高温加快了钻齿的磨损失效，这会极大地缩短整个钻头的使用寿命。因此，探究温度对PDC钻头磨损的影响并改进其水力结构对提升单个钻头的进尺深度和降低钻井经济成本有显著意义。为此，通过钻齿切削实验来验证其温度与磨损之间的关系，并在考虑井底钻井液流动状态及其与钻齿之间对流换热的基础上，建立了PDC钻头井底热?流?固三场耦合模型，分析了井底钻井液与PDC钻头之间的相互作用，同时针对原有的PDC钻头水力结构提出了优化措施。结果表明：1）在钻齿切削过程中温升现象十分明显，说明温度是影响PDC钻头磨损的重要因素；2）PDC钻头井底流场呈热?流?固耦合状态，且钻井液流动状态对其钻齿换热的影响大，这为钻头水力结构的优化提供了方向；3）通过调整喷嘴的流量及角度等水力结构，降低了钻齿的平均温度，可有效改善PDC钻头的磨损情况。研究结果对强研磨性地层中钻头的优化设计有重要指导意义。

关键词： 强研磨性地层, 钻头破岩, 温度, 磨损, 流场

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of nozzle jet area of PDC bit

Fig.2 Drill tooth cutting experimental device

Fig.3 Wear of drill tooth during cutting

Fig.4 Tip temperature and wear chord length of drill tooth during cutting

Fig.5 Establishment process of PDC bit bottom hole thermal-fluid-solid coupling model

Table 1 Verification results of mesh independence of PDC bit bottom hole thermal-fluid-solid coupling model

Table 2 Material parameters of PDC bit

Fig.6 Nephogram of cross-section velocity distribution of No.1 nozzle of PDC bit

Fig.7 PDC bit bottom hole pressure nephogram and velocity vector diagram

Fig.8 Average velocity of drilling fluid on each drill tooth surface and transferred heat between it and drilling fluid of No.1 blade

Fig.9 Temperature distribution nephogram of PDC bit at different times

Fig.10 Comparison of PDC bit nozzle flow before and after optimization

Fig.11 Comparison of drilling fluid velocity on PDC bit surface before and after optimization

Table 3 Comparison of average temperature of each drill tooth of PDC bit before and after optimization


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