Dynamic evolution of soot particle growth in diesel engine cylinder

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.02.017

Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)

2025, Vol. 59

Issue (2): 394-401 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.02.017

Dynamic evolution of soot particle growth in diesel engine cylinder

Yuanxin YU1,2(

),Mingrui WEI1,2,Hongling JU1,2,*(

)

1. Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Auto Parts Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
2. Auto Parts Technology Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

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Abstract

A three-dimensional simulation model was established by taking an in-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine as the prototype. A detailed soot model was coupled to analyze the mass distribution and number density variation of soot particles in the cylinder of the diesel engine under different load. The calculated results and airflow parameters were taken as the initial conditions for dynamic simulation, and the particle dynamics model was established by using the Lagrange method to track the motion of each particle in order to calculate the complete growth process of soot particles. Results showed that the nucleation rate of soot gradually approaches zero, the surface growth and condensation rate were lower than the oxidation rate, and the total mass of soot gradually decreased after combustion. The soot mass fraction at the top of the cylinder, cylinder wall, and piston was relatively low. The constructed particle dynamics model can simulate the growth process from basic particles of soot to aggregates. The particle dynamics model can be used to simulate the growth process from soot elementary particles to aggregates, and the morphology of the aggregates obtained under different loads was mainly branched and clustered structure, which was similar to the main morphologies obtained by experimental sampling. The fractal dimensions under different loads were similar to those measured by the experiments, with a maximum error of about 1.5%.

Key words： diesel engine soot particle detailed soot model dynamic evolution morphology fractal dimension

Received: 22 December 2023 Published: 11 February 2025

CLC:

TK 42

Fund: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51706163）.

Corresponding Authors: Hongling JU E-mail: 1786198559@qq.com;juhongling@whut.edu.cn

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Cite this article:

Yuanxin YU,Mingrui WEI,Hongling JU. Dynamic evolution of soot particle growth in diesel engine cylinder. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2025, 59(2): 394-401.

URL:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.02.017 OR https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2025/V59/I2/394

柴油机缸内碳烟颗粒生长的动力学演变

以一台缸内直喷柴油机为原型，建立三维仿真模型，耦合详细碳烟模型，研究柴油机在不同负荷下缸内碳烟颗粒的质量分布和数密度变化规律. 将计算得到的结果及气流参数作为动力学模拟的初始条件，利用拉格朗日方法建立颗粒动力学模型追踪每个颗粒的运动，计算碳烟颗粒的完整生长过程. 结果表明，燃烧结束后，碳烟成核速率逐渐趋近于零，表面生长和凝结速率低于氧化速率，碳烟总质量逐渐降低；气缸顶部、气缸壁及活塞处的碳烟质量分数均较小. 利用构建的颗粒动力学模型，可以模拟碳烟基本粒子到团聚体的生长过程，在不同负荷下得到的积聚体形貌主要呈枝状和簇状结构，与实验采样得到的几种主要形貌相似；不同负荷下的分形维数均与实验测量值相近，最大误差约为1.5%.

关键词： 柴油机, 碳烟颗粒, 详细碳烟模型, 动力学演变, 形貌, 分形维数

Fig.1 Flowchart of particle collision calculation

Tab.1 Main parameter of diesel engine (YC4FA 116-40)

Fig.2 Schematic of combustion chamber mesh

Tab.2 Mathematical model in three-dimensional simulation

Fig.3 Comparison of simulation and experimental value of cylinder pressure and heat release rate

Fig.4 Soot mass fraction in cylinder under different load

Fig.5 Soot number density at top of cylinder

Fig.6 Average number density and total mass of soot at 50% load

Fig.7 Mass change in soot nucleation, surface growth, condensation and oxidation at 50% load

Fig.8 Total mass fraction of soot in cylinder at different time under 50% load

Tab.3 Airflow parameter at different load

Tab.4 Particle property in turbulence

Fig.9 Initial spatial distribution map of particles in computational domain

Fig.10 Cross-sectional view of calculation domain at beginning of calculation under 50% load

Fig.11 Cross-sectional view of calculation domain at end of calculation under 50% load

Fig.12 Schematic diagram of soot particle accumulation at end of calculation

Fig.13 Actual soot accumulation morphology^[21]

Fig.14 Changing trend of soot particle fractal dimension


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