Nickel-cobalt-aluminum lithium-ion battery was used as the research object in order to analyze the influence of SOC cycle interval on battery aging. The law of capacity decline and internal resistance growth of batteries in different single SOC cycle intervals was explored through cycle aging and performance test experiments, and the aging mechanism of batteries was analyzed by using differential voltage method. A battery aging prediction model was established combined with Bayesian optimization and long-short-term memory network. The influence of the change forms of the two SOC intervals and the cycle order of the SOC intervals on the rule of battery capacity decline was analyzed according to the experimental results of the battery in different variable SOC cycle intervals. Results show that when the SOC cycle interval remains unchanged, the wider the SOC cycle interval is, the faster the aging speed of the battery is. The cyclable lithium-ion loss is the main cause of battery aging, and the established capacity decline prediction model has high accuracy. The aging law of the battery will significantly change in the short term after the SOC cycle interval changes. When the battery ages in different SOC cycle interval sequences, even if the two intervals experience the same number of cycles, the aging degree of the battery is not the same.