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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2021, Vol. 55 Issue (11): 2215-2224    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2021.11.023
电气工程     
基于逆变器端口模型的电磁干扰滤波器设计
周天翔(),郑晓燕,叶世泽,陈恒林*()
浙江大学 电气工程学院, 浙江 杭州 310027
Electromagnetic interference filter design based on terminal model of inverter
Tian-xiang ZHOU(),Xiao-yan ZHENG,Shi-ze YE,Heng-lin CHEN*()
College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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摘要：

逆变器的噪声源阻抗对电磁干扰（EMI）滤波器的滤波效果有较大影响，在设计滤波器时有必要对逆变器的噪声源阻抗进行提取和分析，研究基于逆变器端口模型的无源EMI滤波器设计方法. 建立逆变器的端口电磁干扰等效模型，通过测试逆变器的端口电压和端口电流，采用优化算法提取逆变器的等效噪声源和等效源阻抗. 在考虑噪声源阻抗、负载阻抗以及滤波元件高频特性的情况下，采用优化算法计算滤波元件参数，实现EMI滤波器的量化设计. 针对接入滤波器后部分频点共模干扰超标的问题，分析发生谐振的原因，提出阻尼电路的设计方法. 接入所设计的EMI滤波器进行实验，逆变器输出线的电磁干扰符合标准，验证了所提出的EMI滤波器设计方法.
关键词： 逆变器;  电磁干扰（EMI）;  噪声源阻抗;  EMI滤波器设计;  谐振抑制    
Abstract:

The noise source impedance of inverter has a great influence on the filtering effect of electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter, and it is necessary to extract and analyze the noise source impedance of inverter when designing the filter. A passive EMI filter design method based on terminal model of inverter was studied. A terminal EMI model of inverter was established. By measuring terminal voltage as well as terminal current of inverter and using optimized algorithm, the equivalent noise source and the equivalent source impedance of inverter were extracted. Considering the noise source impedance, the load impedance and the high-frequency characteristics of filter components, optimization algorithm was used to calculate the component parameters of filter, so as to realize the quantitative design of EMI filter. For the problem that common-mode EMI at some frequency points exceeded limit after connecting the filter, the cause of resonance was analyzed, and a damping circuit design method was proposed. Connecting the designed EMI filter for experiment, EMI of the inverter output lines met the standard, which validated the proposed EMI filter design method.
Key words: inverter    electromagnetic interference (EMI)    noise source impedance    EMI filter design    resonance suppression
收稿日期: 2021-03-15 出版日期: 2021-11-05
CLC:  TM 464  
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划资助项目（2018YFB1500700）
通讯作者: 陈恒林     E-mail: zhoutianxiang@zju.edu.cn;henglin@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 周天翔（1995—），男，博士生，从事电力电子系统电磁兼容研究. orcid.org/0000-0003-2985-2701. E-mail: zhoutianxiang@zju.edu.cn
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引用本文:

周天翔,郑晓燕,叶世泽,陈恒林. 基于逆变器端口模型的电磁干扰滤波器设计[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2021, 55(11): 2215-2224.

Tian-xiang ZHOU,Xiao-yan ZHENG,Shi-ze YE,Heng-lin CHEN. Electromagnetic interference filter design based on terminal model of inverter. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2021, 55(11): 2215-2224.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2021.11.023    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2021/V55/I11/2215

图 1  光伏微型逆变系统
图 2  逆变器端口电磁干扰等效模型
序号 L线与地之间的外加阻抗 N线与地之间的外加阻抗
1 无 无
2 无 2.2 μF电容与1 Ω电阻串联
3 无 2.2 μF电容与2 Ω电阻串联
4 无 2.2 μF电容与5 Ω电阻串联
5 2.2 μF电容与1 Ω电阻串联 无
6 2.2 μF电容与2 Ω电阻串联 无
7 2.2 μF电容与5 Ω电阻串联 无
8 2.2 μF电容与2 Ω电阻串联 2.2 μF电容与2 Ω电阻串联
9 2.2 μF电容与5 Ω电阻串联 2.2 μF电容与5 Ω电阻串联
表 1  外加阻抗的元件参数和连接形式
图 3  等效噪声源的幅频曲线
图 4  等效源阻抗的幅频曲线
图 5  实测与计算得到的端口电压ULG对比
图 6  实测与计算得到的端口电压UNG对比
图 7  逆变器端口差模干扰/共模干扰等效模型
图 8  端口差模电压和共模电压与传导干扰标准限值比较
图 9  逆变器所需差模插入损耗和共模插入损耗
图 10  接入π型差模滤波器后端口差模干扰等效模型
方案 CX1/μF CX2/μF LDM/μH
1 4.47 2.83 5.46
2 3.91 4.53 3.55
3 2.94 2.15 7.73
表 2  仿真得到的π型差模滤波器元件参数
图 11  接入π型差模滤波器后的差模干扰
图 12  接入π型共模滤波器后端口共模干扰等效模型
图 13  接入两级π型共模滤波器后端口共模干扰等效模型
方案 CY1/nF CY2/nF CY3/nF LCM1/mH LCM2/mH
1 1.20 0.23 0.46 5.00 0.42
2 1.86 0.13 0.24 1.60 0.46
3 1.35 0.10 0.10 0.38 5.00
表 3  仿真得到的两级π型共模滤波器元件参数
方案 CY1/nF CY2/nF CY3/nF LCM1/mH LCM2/mH
1 1.0 0.5 0.5 5.0 0.4
2 2.2 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.4
3 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 5.0
表 4  实际选取的两级π型共模滤波器元件参数
图 14  接入两级π型共模滤波器后的共模干扰
图 15  两级π型共模滤波器高频等效模型
图 16  接入不同阻尼电阻后的共模干扰
图 17  EMI滤波器连接示意图
图 18  接入滤波器后L线和N线的电磁干扰
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