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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2025, Vol. 59 Issue (9): 1931-1941    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.09.017
电气工程     
基于耗散能流的次同步振荡下模块化多电平换流器端口特性分析
王渊1(),李晔1,刘向龙1,董国静1,陈雅婷1,张宇辰1,陈俊杰1,马潇婷1,杨兴曦2,项基2,*()
1. 内蒙古电力经济技术研究院，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
2. 浙江大学 电气工程学院，浙江 杭州 310027
Dissipative energy flow-based port characteristic analysis of modular multilevel converter under sub-synchronous oscillation
Yuan WANG1(),Ye LI1,Xianglong LIU1,Guojing DONG1,Yating CHEN1,Yuchen ZHANG1,Junjie CHEN1,Xiaoting MA1,Xingxi YANG2,Ji XIANG2,*()
1. Inner Mongolia Power Economic and Technological Research Institute, Hohhot 010010, China
2. College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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摘要：

模块化多电平换流器(MMC)拓扑结构复杂，难以利用传统时域或频域方法分析，且MMC与弱电网、风机互联时存在次同步振荡（SSO）风险. 为此，基于耗散能流研究次同步振荡时 MMC 与系统之间的暂态能量交互特性，从而评定MMC对系统次同步振荡的影响. 考虑锁相环以及MMC控制环外环作用，研究次同步振荡下MMC端口响应. 构建MMC端口耗散能流平均斜率的表达式，该表达式能够反映MMC端口的振荡能量源/汇特性及其为系统提供的附加阻尼水平. 基于Simulink建立MMC-双馈风机-无穷大节点互联系统的时域仿真模型，通过时域仿真结果验证了耗散能流表达式的正确性，且揭示了MMC各参数对耗散能流的影响，反映了MMC端口耗散能流与系统稳定性的联系.
关键词： 模块化多电平换流器(MMC);  定功率控制;  次同步振荡;  耗散能流;  源汇特性    
Abstract:

A risk of sub-synchronous oscillation (SSO) exists when a modular multilevel converter (MMC) is interconnected with weak grids or wind turbines. Conventional time-domain or frequency-domain methods are inadequate for analyzing such SSO risks due to the complex topology of MMC. Thus, a dissipative energy flow-based method was proposed to investigate the impact of MMCs on system SSO. The dynamic response of the MMC terminal under SSO conditions was analyzed with consideration of the phase-locked loop and outer loops of MMC control system. An expression for the average slope of MMC terminal dissipative energy flow was derived, reflecting the source/sink characteristics of the MMC terminal and quantifying the additional damping level provided to the system. A time-domain simulation model was established in Simulink for an interconnected system comprising an MMC, a doubly-fed induction generator, and an infinite bus. Simulation results validated the correctness of the derived expression, demonstrated the influence of MMC parameters on dissipative energy flow, and revealed the relationship between MMC terminal dissipative energy flow and system stability.
Key words: modular multilevel converter (MMC)    constant power control    sub-synchronous oscillation    dissipative energy flow    source/sink characteristic
收稿日期: 2024-04-16 出版日期: 2025-08-25
CLC:  TM 711  
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFB2400700)；内蒙古电力集团科技项目(2023-3-3).
通讯作者: 项基     E-mail: 1270290575@qq.com;jxiang@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 王渊（1984—），男，高级工程师，硕士，从事电网规划研究. orcid.org/0009-0008-1915-7813. E-mail：1270290575@qq.com
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王渊
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杨兴曦
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引用本文:

王渊,李晔,刘向龙,董国静,陈雅婷,张宇辰,陈俊杰,马潇婷,杨兴曦,项基. 基于耗散能流的次同步振荡下模块化多电平换流器端口特性分析[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2025, 59(9): 1931-1941.

Yuan WANG,Ye LI,Xianglong LIU,Guojing DONG,Yating CHEN,Yuchen ZHANG,Junjie CHEN,Xiaoting MA,Xingxi YANG,Ji XIANG. Dissipative energy flow-based port characteristic analysis of modular multilevel converter under sub-synchronous oscillation. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2025, 59(9): 1931-1941.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.09.017    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2025/V59/I9/1931

图 1  MMC拓扑结构（与一等效电网连结）
图 2  MMC电流内环控制框图
图 3  三相同步锁相环模型
图 4  SRF-PLL小信号等效模型
图 5  MMC定功率控制框图
图 6  MMC-DFIG-无穷大节点系统
参数名称符号值单位
系统额定容量${S_{\mathrm{N}}}$100MW
额定交流电压${V_{\mathrm{N}}}$161kV
系统额定频率${f_{\mathrm{N}}}$50Hz
MMC直流侧额定电压${V_{{\text{dc}}}}$330kV
MMC桥臂电感${L_{{\text{arm}}}}$15mH
MMC并网电感${L_{\text{s}}}$270mH
传输线电阻${R_{\text{L}}}$2.59?
传输线电感${L_{\text{L}}}$114.6mH
传输线串联补偿电容${C_{\text{L}}}$0.14mF
MMC控制外环比例系数${K_{\text{p}}}$0.1—
MMC控制外环积分系数${K_{\text{i}}}$250—
MMC控制内环比例系数${K_{{\text{p}}2}}$1—
MMC控制内环积分系数${K_{{\text{i}}2}}$3000—
PLL比例系数${K_{{\text{pll}},{\text{p}}}}$25—
PLL积分系数${K_{{\text{pll}},{\text{i}}}}$2200—
PLL微分系数${K_{{\text{pll}},{\text{d}}}}$1—
无穷大节点电压${V_{{\text{IB}}}}$166kV
表 1  仿真系统参数
图 7  PCC处三相电压波形及频谱
图 8  MMC端口dq轴电压、电流与PLL输出波形及频谱
图 9  SSO收敛场景下DFIG风场输出有功功率
图 10  SSO收敛场景下${\overline {\dot W} _{\text{D}}}$的测量值与计算值
图 11  SSO发散场景下DFIG风场输出有功功率
图 12  SSO发散场景下${\overline {\dot W} _{\text{D}}}$的测量值与计算值
图 13  不同功率外环参数下的仿真实验结果
图 14  不同PLL参数下的仿真实验结果
图 15  不同MMC有功功率参考值下的实验结果
图 16  简化的MMC定功率控制回路
图 17  不同功率环带宽下的${\overline {\dot W} _{\text{D}}}$曲线
图 18  不同PLL带宽下的${\overline {\dot W} _{\text{D}}}$曲线
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