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浙江大学学报(工学版)  2026, Vol. 60 Issue (12): 2735-2744    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.12.019
土木工程、交通工程     
考虑断层破裂过程影响的地震动似点源模拟方法
谢旭(),谢翼遥,郝旭
浙江大学 建筑工程学院,浙江 杭州 310058
Quasi-point-source ground motion simulation method considering fault rupture process
Xu XIE(),Yiyao XIE,Xu HAO
College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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摘要:

为了改善格林函数法在地震动时程模拟中非平稳性的模拟效果,提出改进方法——似点源法. 以考虑与不考虑断层破裂过程时振幅谱的比值作为修正系数,对点源模型进行修正,并采用修正后的点源模型计算地震动振幅谱. 基于因果性函数的分解理论,将地震动相位谱表示为全域通过函数与最小相位推移函数的合成,两者分别依据历史记录的相位特性及因果性约束条件确定. 由上述振幅谱与相位谱的傅里叶逆变换得到地震动时程. 以假设地震和2024年台湾省花莲地震为例进行验证. 结果表明,模拟结果能够反映地震动的方向性效应,模拟所得地震动时程的非平稳性与历史记录相符;30个台站在0~10 s内全周期段的反应谱模拟误差(Misfit)均小于0.3,且标准差小于0.15.

关键词: 地震动模拟;  似点源法;  方向性效应;  时程因果性    
Abstract:

An improved method, termed the quasi-point-source method, was proposed to improve the performance of the Green’s function method in simulating the non-stationarity of ground motion time histories. The ratio of the amplitude spectrum with consideration of the fault rupture process to that without consideration was used as a correction coefficient to modify the point-source model. Then the modified point-source model was used to calculate the ground motion amplitude spectrum. The ground motion phase spectrum was expressed as the product of all-pass function and minimum-phase shift function based on the decomposition theory of causal functions. All-pass function and minimum-phase shift function were determined by the phase characteristics of historical records and the causality constraint, respectively. Then the ground motion time histories were obtained from the above amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum through inverse Fourier transform. The method was verified by a hypothetical earthquake and the 2024 Hualien earthquake in Taiwan Province. Results showed that the simulation results could reflect the directivity effect of ground motion, and the non-stationarity of the simulated ground motion time histories accorded with that of historical records. The response spectrum simulation error (Misfit) over the entire period range within 0–10 s was less than 0.3 for 30 stations, and the standard deviation was less than 0.15.

Key words: ground motion simulation    quasi-point-source method    directivity effect    time history causality
收稿日期: 2025-12-11 出版日期: 2026-10-21
CLC:  P 315  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52178174).
作者简介: 谢旭(1963—),男,教授,博士,从事桥梁结构抗震设计研究. orcid.org/0000-0002-4247-0487. E-mail:xiexu@zju.edu.cn
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引用本文:

谢旭,谢翼遥,郝旭. 考虑断层破裂过程影响的地震动似点源模拟方法[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2026, 60(12): 2735-2744.

Xu XIE,Yiyao XIE,Xu HAO. Quasi-point-source ground motion simulation method considering fault rupture process. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2026, 60(12): 2735-2744.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.12.019    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2026/V60/I12/2735

图 1  随机格林函数法原理示意图
图 2  似点源模型的示意图
图 3  断层方位以及观测点位置
断层参数数值断层参数数值
走向/(°)122应力降/MPa5.0
倾角/(°)40地震矩/(N·m)1.3×1019
滑动角/(°)101平均滑动量/m1.0185
断层长度/km18震源介质密度/(g·cm?3)2.8
断层宽度/km21震源介质剪切波速/(km·s?1)3.7
断层顶部深度/km5.00破裂传播速度/(km·s?1)3.0
断层底部深度/km20.4——
表 1  假想断层参数
图 4  各观测点的振幅谱
断层参数数值断层参数数值
走向/(°)26地震矩/(N·m)1.411×1020
倾角/(°)58平均滑动量/m0.5501
断层长度/km80.0震源介质密度/(g·cm?3)2.8
断层宽度/km53.3震源介质剪切波速/(km·s?1)3.60
断层顶部深度/km2.70破裂传播速度/(km·s?1)2.63
断层底部深度/km49.5——
表 2  台湾省花莲地震断层参数
图 5  断层滑动量分布图
图 6  台湾省花莲地震台站分布图
台站名纬度经度Rrup/kmNEHRP场地分类
E00624.6396121.832799.3160D
F00423.1727121.248389.1720D
F02524.1624121.652451.3380C
F02824.0144121.609440.9060C
F03623.4977121.374556.4780C
F07423.7875121.562736.1080C
F07623.9888121.628539.6460C
HWA23.9800121.610039.1510C
表 3  台湾省花莲地震台站信息
图 7  相位谱模拟方法验证(HWA台站)
图 8  反应谱、振幅谱及时程模拟结果对比
图 9  几何衰减函数调整后的模拟结果对比
图 10  加速度反应谱的模拟误差分析
图 11  调整黏滞衰减系数后的反应谱模拟误差分析
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[1] 谢旭,庞博,余刚群,顾泺怡,申永刚. 台湾省强地震引起的浙江地震动预测模型[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2025, 59(8): 1738-1745.
[2] 谢旭,黄文彤,冀龙飞,王天佳. 断层破裂过程对减隔震桥梁地震反应的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2021, 55(12): 2225-2233.