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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2026, Vol. 60 Issue (12): 2652-2662    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.12.011
通信与电子工程     
小卫星物联网扩频体制设计与资源分配策略
郑哲健1,2,3(),金小军1,2,3,*(),金仲和1,2,3
1. 浙江大学 微小卫星研究中心，浙江 杭州 310027
2. 浙江大学 浙江省微纳卫星研究重点实验室，浙江 杭州 310027
3. 浣江实验室，浙江 诸暨 311899
Spread spectrum scheme design and resource allocation for internet of things over micro-satellites
Zhejian ZHENG1,2,3(),Xiaojun JIN1,2,3,*(),Zhonghe JIN1,2,3
1. Micro-Satellite Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
2. Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Satellite Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
3. Huanjiang Laboratory, Zhuji 311899, China
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摘要：

为了提升海量用户接入场景下的用户接入性能与干扰抑制能力，提出将循环扩展同步码（CESC）与置信传播（BP）译码及串行干扰消除（SIC）融合的多用户扩频通信方案，通过对弱信号用户的同步码长度进行补偿，提升捕获概率. 与功率控制策略相比，该方案的接入成功率提高了3.06%，单次接入成本降低了40.52 bit. 为了提升传输性能，提出授权与免授权混合体系下基于分组与优先级的数据包调度（GPPS）策略，将部分扩频码作为授权用户专用传输码，使平均吞吐率较免授权时隙ALOHA方案提升了13.05%. 为了进一步提高码利用率，提出基于拓扑感知的分布式资源分配（TDRA）策略以实现资源的空间复用，较固定资源分配（FRA）策略，平均可支配扩频码数量提升了216.37%，平均吞吐率提升了226.86%. 研究结果表明，所提方法可以显著增强微小卫星物联网应对海量用户接入的干扰抑制与资源分配能力.
关键词： 卫星物联网;  微小卫星;  扩频通信;  资源分配;  数据包调度;  拓扑感知    
Abstract:

A multi-user spread spectrum communication scheme integrating cyclic extended synchronization code（CESC）with belief propagation（BP）decoding and successive interference cancellation（SIC）was proposed in order to enhance user access performance and interference suppression capability in massive-user access scenarios. The detection probability of weak-signal users was enhanced by compensating their synchronization code length. The access success rate was increased by 3.06% and the single-access cost was reduced by 40.52 bits compared with the power control strategy. A grouping and priority-based packet scheduling （GPPS）strategy was introduced in a hybrid grant-based and grant-free framework in order to improve transmission performance. A portion of spreading codes was allocated exclusively to grant-based users, which led to 13.05% increase in average throughput compared with the grant-free slotted ALOHA scheme. A topology-aware distributed resource allocation（TDRA）strategy was proposed in order to enhance the utilization efficiency of codes, enabling spatial reuse of resources. The average number of available spreading codes was improved by 216.37%, and the average throughput was improved by 226.86% compared with the fixed resource allocation（FRA）strategy. Results indicate that the proposed method can significantly strengthen the interference suppression and resource allocation capabilities of micro-satellite internet of things (IoT) under massive user access.
Key words: satellite internet of things    micro-satellite    spread-spectrum communication    resource allocation    packet scheduling    topology-aware
收稿日期: 2025-12-04 出版日期: 2026-10-21
CLC:  TP 393  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（62073289）.
通讯作者: 金小军     E-mail: 22324035@zju.edu.cn;axemaster@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 郑哲健（2000—），男，硕士生，从事卫星物联网通信研究. orcid.org/0009-0005-9315-458X. E-mail：22324035@zju.edu.cn
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引用本文:

郑哲健,金小军,金仲和. 小卫星物联网扩频体制设计与资源分配策略[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2026, 60(12): 2652-2662.

Zhejian ZHENG,Xiaojun JIN,Zhonghe JIN. Spread spectrum scheme design and resource allocation for internet of things over micro-satellites. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2026, 60(12): 2652-2662.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.12.011    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2026/V60/I12/2652

图 1  仿真中城市节点与设备集群分布的示意图
Walsh码信道类型信道功能
$ {{\boldsymbol{W}}}_{0} $导频信道全‘1’序列，承载卫星地址扰码，协助地面设备进行码相位同步
$ {{\boldsymbol{W}}}_{1} $同步信道广播卫星星历、精密轨道参数与系统状态等信息
$ {{\boldsymbol{W}}}_{2} $授时信道广播高精度卫星时间参考，用于实现终端的时间粗同步
$ {{\boldsymbol{W}}}_{3}\sim {{\boldsymbol{W}}}_{259} $业务信道多用户响应信道，包含接收状况等信息
表 1  卫星物联网中基于不同Walsh码生成的下行信道参数
图 2  卫星物联网下行业务信道的调制流程
序列编号反馈系数（8进制）寄存器初态
$ {M}_{1} $20111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
$ {M}_{2} $24151 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
表 2  卫星物联网上行信道Gold序列生成所用m序列优选对参数
图 3  同步帧头的设计
图 4  用户链路的接入传输流程
图 5  卫星物联网多用户上行信道的发送与接收流程
图 6  耦合体系下的SIC流程
图 7  基于分组与优先级的数据包调度算法流程
图 8  卫星间地球遮挡临界状态的示意图
参数默认值参数默认值
接入扩频码最大数量256用户最大退避时隙数8
最大BP译码迭代次数10用户最大重传次数5
最大SIC迭代次数10——
表 3  动态场景下接入性能的物理层仿真参数
图 9  动态场景下不同用户到达率与接入策略所实现的平均接入成本
图 10  动态场景下不同用户到达率与接入策略所实现的接入成功率
图 11  单卫星系统在不同接入方案下的吞吐率对比
图 12  感兴趣卫星在不同星座规模与码资源分配策略下的可支配码数量对比
图 13  感兴趣卫星在不同星座规模与码资源分配策略下的吞吐率对比
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