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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2025, Vol. 59 Issue (12): 2635-2644    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.12.018
交通工程、土木工程     
纳米硅溶胶加固全风化花岗岩及其渗透规律
蔡智远(),杨微*(),何一凡,宋牧原,左国恋,陈伟
湖南大学 土木工程学院，湖南 长沙 410082
Reinforcement of completely weathered granite by nano-silica sol and its permeability law
Zhiyuan CAI(),Wei YANG*(),Yifan HE,Muyuan SONG,Guolian ZUO,Wei CHEN
College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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摘要：

通过无侧限抗压强度、三轴压缩、变水头渗透试验对硅溶胶加固后全风化花岗岩土体的力学特性及渗透特性展开研究. 结果表明，硅溶胶的加固效果与浆液配比紧密相关且强度随着时间的增长不断增强. 硅溶胶加固28 d后，全风化花岗岩土体的无侧限抗压强度最高达到239.0 kPa，渗透系数下降至10?8 cm/s数量级. 为了探明硅溶胶在全风化花岗岩地层中的渗透扩散规律，进行注浆模拟试验，结果表明在10 kPa的注浆压力下，硅溶胶浆液在干密度为1.30、1.36、1.42 g/cm3的全风化花岗岩土体中扩散半径分别达到10.40、7.85、5.10 cm. 考虑硅溶胶黏度时变性与土体迂曲度的影响对传统渗透注浆理论公式进行了修正，修正后的公式能够更加准确地描述硅溶胶在全风化花岗岩土体中的渗透扩散规律，估算其渗透扩散范围.
关键词： 硅溶胶;  全风化花岗岩;  渗透注浆;  防渗加固;  注浆模拟试验;  黏度时变性;  迂曲度    
Abstract:

The mechanical properties and permeability characteristics of completely weathered granite soil after silica sol reinforcement were studied by unconfined compressive strength test, triaxial compression test and variable-head permeability test. The results showed that the reinforcement effect of silica sol was closely related to the slurry ratio and the strength increased with time. After 28 days of silica sol reinforcement, the unconfined compressive strength of completely weathered granite soil reached up to 239.0 kPa, and the permeability coefficient decreased to the order of 10?8 cm/s. In order to explore the infiltration and diffusion law of silica sol in completely weathered granite strata, a grouting simulation test was carried out. The test results showed that under the grouting pressure of 10 kPa, the diffusion radius of silica sol slurry in completely weathered granite soil with different dry densities of 1.30 g/cm3,1.36 g/cm3 and 1.42 g/cm3 reached 10.40 cm, 7.85 cm and 5.10 cm respectively. In addition, considering the time-varying viscosity of silica sol and the influence of soil tortuosity, the traditional theoretical formula of infiltration grouting was modified. The modified formula can more accurately describe the infiltration and diffusion law of silica sol in completely weathered granite soil and estimate its infiltration and diffusion range.
Key words: silica sol    completely weathered granite    infiltration grouting    seepage control reinforcement    grouting simulation test    time-variation of viscosity    tortuosity
收稿日期: 2024-12-04 出版日期: 2025-11-25
CLC:  TU 45  
基金资助: 湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2024JJ2020)；湖南省科技创新青年科技人才资助项目(2022RC1174).
通讯作者: 杨微     E-mail: caizhiyuan@hnu.edu.cn;yangwei86@hnu.edu.cn
作者简介: 蔡智远 （1998—），男，硕士生，从事硅溶胶注浆研究. orcid.org/0009-0001-1840-1537. E-mail：caizhiyuan@hnu.edu.cn
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引用本文:

蔡智远,杨微,何一凡,宋牧原,左国恋,陈伟. 纳米硅溶胶加固全风化花岗岩及其渗透规律[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2025, 59(12): 2635-2644.

Zhiyuan CAI,Wei YANG,Yifan HE,Muyuan SONG,Guolian ZUO,Wei CHEN. Reinforcement of completely weathered granite by nano-silica sol and its permeability law. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2025, 59(12): 2635-2644.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.12.018    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2025/V59/I12/2635

图 1  全风化花岗岩土样颗粒级配曲线
图 2  硅溶胶胶团结构
图 3  硅溶胶及凝胶体
编号试样ws/%mwn/%wsm/%wnm/%
1S30-4-8304∶1824.01.6
2S30-6-10306∶11025.71.4
3S30-8-12308∶11226.71.3
4S25-4-10254∶11020.02.0
5S25-6-12256∶11221.41.7
6S25-8-8258∶1822.20.9
7S20-4-12204∶11216.02.4
8S20-6-8206∶1817.11.1
9S20-8-10208∶11017.81.1
表 1  硅溶胶浆液配比正交试验方案
图 4  硅溶胶黏度测量
图 5  硅溶胶凝胶时间判定
图 6  硅溶胶加固体试样
图 7  注浆模拟试验装置
图 8  不同配比硅溶胶浆液黏度随时间的变化曲线
试验编号试样T0/minT1/min
正交试验中硅溶胶浆液1S30-4-82858
2S30-6-102756
3S30-8-123775
4S25-4-101834
5S25-6-123770
6S25-8-8504720
7S20-4-12713
8S20-6-8510790
9S20-8-10480750
补充试验中硅溶胶浆液10S30-4-10816
11S30-8-10103185
12S30-6-896150
13S30-6-121224
14S25-6-1080155
15S20-6-10222430
表 2  不同配比硅溶胶浆液的T0及T1
图 9  硅溶胶浆液黏度拐点时间与其凝胶时间的拟合直线
图 10  硅溶胶浆液黏度拐点时间与参数λ的拟合曲线
图 11  不同配比硅溶胶加固体在不同养护天数下的无侧限抗压强度
图 12  不同配比硅溶胶加固体在不同围压下的最大偏应力
图 13  S30-8-12硅溶胶加固体的应力-应变曲线
编号试样c/kPaφ/(°)
1S30-4-884.31.8
2S30-6-1095.12.5
3S30-8-12104.34.4
4S25-4-1053.30.9
5S25-6-1267.82.1
6S25-8-857.91.7
7S20-4-1248.10.5
8S20-6-847.90.7
9S20-8-1049.60.3
表 3  不同配比硅溶胶加固体的抗剪强度指标
编号试样K/(cm·s?1)
dc=0dc=7dc=14dc=28
1S30-4-81.20×10?81.40×10?81.35×10?81.38×10?8
2S30-6-101.77×10?81.68×10?81.52×10?81.47×10?8
3S30-8-121.02×10?81.36×10?81.23×10?81.05×10?8
4S25-4-103.99×10?83.00×10?82.82×10?82.73×10?8
5S25-6-122.94×10?82.39×10?82.36×10?82.35×10?8
6S25-8-82.36×10?59.41×10?62.81×10?61.59×10?8
7S20-4-123.34×10?56.69×10?61.46×10?61.09×10?7
8S20-6-85.24×10?61.81×10?64.15×10?82.60×10?8
9S20-8-104.01×10?61.21×10?62.43×10?82.42×10?8
表 4  不同配比硅溶胶加固体在不同养护天数下的渗透系数
图 14  硅溶胶浆液柱形扩散示意图
编号ρd/(g·cm?3)n/%ΓK/(cm·s?1)
11.3050.01.2501.32×10?3
21.3647.71.2605.80×10?4
31.4245.01.2752.73×10?4
表 5  注浆模拟试验各组土体参数
图 15  各组注浆结石体尺寸
图 16  硅溶胶浆液在不同干密度土体中的扩散半径结果对比
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