超流氦流场可视化技术研究进展

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.04.021

浙江大学学报(工学版)

2025, Vol. 59

Issue (4): 853-862 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.04.021

机械与能源工程

超流氦流场可视化技术研究进展

胡应璇1(

),李国良1,黄雯琳1,张俊佩2,童欣2,邱利民1,包士然1,*(

)

1. 浙江大学制冷与低温研究所，浙江杭州 310027
2. 中国科学院高能物理研究所，北京 100049

Progress in flow visualization techniques in superfluid helium

Yingxuan HU1(

),Guoliang LI1,Wenlin HUANG1,Junpei ZHANG2,Xin TONG2,Limin QIU1,Shiran BAO1,*(

)

1. Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics , Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
2. Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

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摘要：

流场可视化是非接触式、全局高精度的新兴测量技术，测得的精细超流氦流场与传热信息能够为超导大科学装置的冷却系统设计提供数据和关联式支撑. 超流氦具有量子特性，示踪物与量子涡旋的相互作用程度显著影响流场可视化测量的准确性. 基于不同示踪物，深入讨论电子气泡法、微粒示踪法和分子示踪法3种主要的流场可视化方法涉及的关键技术，包括依据实验目的选择示踪物、搭建合适的光路和进行数据后处理.

关键词： 超流氦; 流场可视化技术; 超导冷却; 低温测量; 量子涡旋; 示踪技术

Abstract:

Flow visualization is a novel measurement technique that is non-intrusive and highly precise. The application of the technique provides detailed insights into the flow and heat transfer of superfluid helium, thereby supporting the design of cooling systems in large superconducting installations. The interactions between tracers and quantum vortices significantly affect the measurement accuracy of flow visualization. The flow fields have been visualized using three primary methods based on tracer selection: electron bubble, particle tracing, and molecular tracing methods. Key technologies involved in these methods were studied, including the selection of tracers according to experimental goals, the establishment of suitable optical paths, and data post-processing.

Key words: superfluid helium flow visualization techniques superconducting cooling cryogenic measurement quantum vortex tracer technique

收稿日期: 2024-01-17 出版日期: 2025-04-25

CLC:

O 512.1

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（52206028）.

通讯作者: 包士然 E-mail: huyingxuan@zju.edu.cn;srbao@zju.edu.cn

作者简介: 胡应璇（2000—），男，硕士生，从事超流氦流场可视化研究. orcid.org/0009-0000-9778-008X. E-mail：huyingxuan@zju.edu.cn

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引用本文:

胡应璇,李国良,黄雯琳,张俊佩,童欣,邱利民,包士然. 超流氦流场可视化技术研究进展[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2025, 59(4): 853-862.

Yingxuan HU,Guoliang LI,Wenlin HUANG,Junpei ZHANG,Xin TONG,Limin QIU,Shiran BAO. Progress in flow visualization techniques in superfluid helium. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2025, 59(4): 853-862.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.04.021 或 https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2025/V59/I4/853

图 1 超流氦中2种组分的摩尔分数与温度的关系

表 1 超流氦流场可视化的主要方法及特点

图 2 不同旋转速度下超流氦中离散量子涡旋线的图像[19]

图 3 超流氦的圆柱绕流数值仿真[36]

表 2 超流氦中常用的凝固介质

图 4 超流氦中量子涡旋重连的可视化图像[44]

图 5 凝固空气作为示踪粒子观测到的液氦和超流氦流场[51]

图 6 内部对流过程中常/超组分速度场的分布[52]

图 7 基于尖端电离的超流氦流场可视化技术[57]

图 8 基于激光电离的超流氦流场可视化技术[60]

图 9 基于中子电离的超流氦流场可视化技术[64-66]

表 3 常用超流氦流场示踪物及其特性[63,69]

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