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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2024, Vol. 58 Issue (1): 207-218    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2024.01.022
机械工程、电气工程     
基于磁热耦合法的非对称混合磁极永磁电机热分析
史立伟(),刘政委,乔志伟,赵新,朱英杰
山东理工大学 交通与车辆工程学院，山东 淄博 255000
Thermal analysis of asymmetric hybrid pole permanent magnet motor based on magneto-thermal coupling method
Liwei SHI(),Zhengwei LIU,Zhiwei QIAO,Xin ZHAO,Yingjie ZHU
School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
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摘要：

针对传统内置永磁电机损耗高、发热量大的问题，提出非对称混合磁极永磁电机拓扑结构. 介绍非对称混合磁极永磁电机的拓扑结构，对比分析两者的电磁特性与损耗分布特性. 针对非对称混合磁极永磁电机分布式绕组的结构特点，对绕组进行等效处理，确定等效导热系数，建立集中参数热网络模型. 建立单向磁热耦合模型，计算电机各部件的温度分布，验证了热网络模型的正确性. 考虑到温度对永磁材料的影响，建立双向磁热耦合模型，对比分析不同电流密度对电机温升的影响规律. 试制一台样机并搭建温升试验平台进行温升试验，验证了新型拓扑结构的有效性与合理性以及磁热双向耦合法计算结果的准确性.
关键词： 永磁电机;  非对称混合磁极;  热分析;  磁热耦合;  集中参数热模型    
Abstract:

A topology of asymmetric hybrid pole permanent magnet motor (AHPPMM) was proposed for the problem of high loss and high heat generation of conventional interior permanent magnet motor. The topology of the asymmetric hybrid pole permanent magnet motor was introduced. The electromagnetic characteristics and loss distribution characteristics of the two were compared and analyzed. The equivalent thermal conductivity was determined based on the features of the distributed winding structure of the AHPPMM, and the lumped parameter thermal model was constructed. Then a unidirectional magneto-thermal coupling model was established to calculate the temperature distribution of each motor component and verify the correctness of the thermal network model. A bi-directional magneto-thermal coupling model was established by considering the temperature influence on the permanent magnet material in order to compare and analyze the influence law of different current densities on the motor temperature rise. A prototype was fabricated and a temperature rise experiment platform was constructed. The effectiveness and rationality of the new topology were verified. The accuracy of the calculation results of the bi-directional magneto-thermal coupling method was validated.
Key words: permanent magnet motor    asymmetric hybrid pole    thermal analysis    magneto-thermal coupling    lumped parameter thermal model
收稿日期: 2023-07-03 出版日期: 2023-11-07
CLC:  TM 351  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51905066）
作者简介: 史立伟（1980—），男，教授，博导，从事电动汽车电机及控制的研究. orcid.org/0000-0001-9294-7143. E-mail： shiliwei@sdut.edu.cn
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引用本文:

史立伟,刘政委,乔志伟,赵新,朱英杰. 基于磁热耦合法的非对称混合磁极永磁电机热分析[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2024, 58(1): 207-218.

Liwei SHI,Zhengwei LIU,Zhiwei QIAO,Xin ZHAO,Yingjie ZHU. Thermal analysis of asymmetric hybrid pole permanent magnet motor based on magneto-thermal coupling method. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2024, 58(1): 207-218.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2024.01.022    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2024/V58/I1/207

图 1  非对称混合磁极永磁电机及传统内置式永磁电机的转子拓扑结构
图 2  非对称混合磁极永磁电机及传统内置式永磁电机的简化磁路对比图
图 3  非均匀气隙转子的结构
参数 参数值
AHPPMM CIPMM
定子槽数 48 48
转子极数 8 8
定子外径/mm 159 159
定子内径/mm 107.4 107.4
气隙长度/mm 0.7/1.31 0.7
轴向长度/mm 91 91
转子外径/mm 106 106
永磁体用量/mm3 6.18×104 7.65×104
表 1  电机的主要几何参数
图 4  非对称混合磁极永磁电机及传统内置式永磁电机的磁场分布
图 5  气隙磁通密度的波形
图 6  空载反电势的波形
图 7  气隙磁通密度的谐波分析
图 8  空载反电势的谐波分析
图 9  涡流损耗的对比
图 10  铁芯损耗的对比
图 11  总损耗的对比
图 12  非对称混合磁极永磁电机的集中参数热网络模型
材料 λ/ (W·m?1·K?1) c /(J·kg?1·K?1) ρ/ (kg·m?3)
硅钢 40 426 7700
铜 387 383.1 8954
N35UH 7.6 4600 7500
槽绝缘纸 0.2 1290 1060
表 2  非对称混合磁极永磁电机的材料参数
图 13  非对称混合磁极永磁电机绕组的示意图及等效模型
部件 节点温升/℃
电机外壳 45.4 45.1 47.9 47.7 47.5
定子轭部 — 56.3 56.4 56.3 —
电枢绕组 60.3 60.5 61.8 60.5 60.5
定子齿部 — 56.2 57.4 56.8 —
转子极靴 — 45.3 45.5 45.3 —
永磁体 — 46.1 46.4 46.3 46.2 —
转子轭部 — 45.1 45.5 45.3 —
端盖 42.8 — — — 44.6
轴承 47.9 — — — 51.2
表 3  非对称混合磁极永磁电机额定运行状态下的各部件温升计算结果
图 14  非对称混合磁极永磁电机的三维图
图 15  利用单向磁热耦合法计算得到的绕组、永磁体温度分布
图 16  利用单向磁热耦合法计算得到的定子、转子温度分布
图 17  双向磁热耦合的流程图
图 18  利用双向磁热耦合法计算得到的绕组、永磁体温度分布
图 19  利用双向磁热耦合法计算得到的定子、转子温度分布
图 20  单向磁热耦合法和双向磁热耦合法的输出转矩比较
J/(A·mm?2) tcmax/℃ tcavg/℃ tnmax/℃ tnavg/℃ trmax/℃ travg/℃ tsmax/℃ tsavg/℃
2.14 66.35 60.64 47.31 43.53 49.56 43.58 59.47 55.78
2.25 69.44 63.14 48.94 44.92 51.33 44.97 61.94 57.96
2.31 72.70 65.75 50.65 46.37 53.19 46.43 64.51 60.24
2.40 76.22 68.56 52.48 47.93 55.19 47.99 67.28 62.70
2.48 79.91 71.52 54.42 49.58 57.29 49.64 70.19 65.29
2.57 83.78 74.63 56.45 51.31 59.50 51.38 73.25 68.01
2.65 87.97 77.96 58.63 53.16 61.87 53.23 76.53 70.92
2.73 92.35 81.46 60.93 55.11 64.37 55.19 79.99 73.99
2.82 97.01 85.19 63.36 57.19 67.02 57.27 83.66 77.25
2.91 101.90 89.11 65.93 59.37 69.80 59.45 87.51 80.68
3.04 109.79 95.40 70.04 62.87 74.28 62.96 93.71 86.18
表 4  不同电流密度下利用磁热双向耦合法计算得到的非对称混合磁极永磁电机各部件温升结果
图 21  不同电流密度下非对称混合磁极永磁电机的最高温升
图 22  样机及温升实验平台
图 23  稳态温度云图
图 24  电机的最高温升曲线
图 25  空载反电势的实验平台
图 26  实测空载反电势的波形
图 27  空载反电势波形THD
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