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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2023, Vol. 57 Issue (9): 1814-1823    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2023.09.013
机械工程、能源工程     
不同边界条件下热电发电器件瞬态响应特性分析
罗丁(),吴海峰,杨学林
三峡大学 电气与新能源学院，湖北 宜昌 443000
Analysis of transient response characteristics of thermoelectric power generation device under different boundary conditions
Ding LUO(),Hai-feng WU,Xue-lin YANG
College of Electrical Engineering and New Energy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China
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摘要：

鉴于实际应用中热源的非稳态特性，建立热电发电器件的三维瞬态热-电耦合数值模型，以阶跃上升、阶跃下降、线性上升、线性下降、正弦波和三角波6种热源波形作为输入，对比并分析在瞬态温度边界条件和瞬态热流边界条件下的响应特性. 结果表明：该模型能准确模拟热电发电器件的瞬态输出性能，仿真结果与试验测量的电压和功率误差分别为3.30%和6.58%；由于温度变化具有连续性，瞬态热流边界条件比瞬态温度边界条件更合理；受热惯性的影响，即使热源输入急剧变化，热电发电器件的输出功率仍呈现平缓的变化趋势，且存在时滞现象；周期性热源能够提升热电发电器件的输出性能，在正弦波和三角波的周期性热源中，热电发电器件的输出功率分别提升了7.48%和5.76%，转换效率分别提升了11.58%和8.48%.
关键词： 热电发电器件;  瞬态;  边界条件;  数值模型;  响应特性    
Abstract:

A three-dimension transient thermal-electric coupling numerical model for thermoelectric power generation device was established considering the unsteady state of heat sources in practical applications. Taking six waveforms as heat source input, including step increase, step decrease, linear increase, linear decrease, sine wave, and triangular wave, the response characteristics under transient temperature boundary condition and heat flux boundary condition were analyzed and compared. Results show that the model can accurately simulate the transient output performance of thermoelectric power generation device. And the errors of voltage and power between the model and the experimental results were 3.30% and 6.58% respectively. Due to the continuity of temperature change, the transient heat flux boundary condition is more reasonable than the transient temperature boundary condition. Even if the heat source changes sharply, the output power presents a smooth changing trend, and there is a time delay phenomenon due to the thermal inertia. The periodic heat source can improve the performance of thermoelectric power generation device. The output power were increased by 7.48% and 5.76%, and the conversion efficiency were increased by 11.58% and 8.48% for the heat sources of the sine wave and the triangular wave, respectively.
Key words: thermoelectric power generation device    transient state    boundary condition    numerical model    response characteristic
收稿日期: 2022-11-17 出版日期: 2023-10-16
CLC:  TK 01+9  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52306017, 52072217, 22179071)；湖北省自然科学基金资助项目(2023AFB093)
作者简介: 罗丁（1995—），男，副教授，从事热电转换及应用研究. orcid.org/0000-0001-9070-2417. E-mail： Ding_L@outlook.com
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罗丁
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引用本文:

罗丁,吴海峰,杨学林. 不同边界条件下热电发电器件瞬态响应特性分析[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2023, 57(9): 1814-1823.

Ding LUO,Hai-feng WU,Xue-lin YANG. Analysis of transient response characteristics of thermoelectric power generation device under different boundary conditions. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2023, 57(9): 1814-1823.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2023.09.013    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2023/V57/I9/1814

图 1  热电发电器件结构示意图
参数 数值
P型半导体 N型半导体
热导率
λ/(W·m?1·K?1) 		$ \begin{aligned} 1.685 &\times {10^{ - 7}}{T^3} - \\& 1.895 \times {10^{ - 4}}{T^2}+ \\& 0.070T - 6.839 \\ \end{aligned} $ $ \begin{aligned} 1.474 &\times {10^{ - 7}}{T^3} - \\ &1.590 \times {10^{ - 4}}{T^2}+ \\ &0.057T - 5.096 \\ \end{aligned} $
塞贝克系数
S/(μV·K?1) 		$ \begin{aligned} 1.322 & \times {10^{ - 5}}{T^3} - \\ &0.017{T^2}+ \\ &7.310T - 853.661 \\ \end{aligned} $ $ \begin{aligned} - 1.524 & \times {10^{ - 5}}{T^3}+ \\ &0.019{T^2} - \\ &8.230T+981.109 \\ \end{aligned} $
电阻率
σ?1/(10?5 Ω·m) 		$ \begin{aligned} - 9.035 & \times {10^{ - 9}}{T^3}+ \\ &1.638 \times {10^{ - 5}}{T^2} - \\& 4.250 \times {10^{ - 3}}T+0.665 \\ \end{aligned} $ $ \begin{aligned} 4.452 & \times {10^{ - 8}}{T^3} - \\& 5.529 \times {10^{ - 5}}{T^2}+ \\& 2.591 \times {10^{ - 2}}T - 3.409 \\ \end{aligned} $
比热容
c/(J·kg?1·K?1) 		$ \begin{aligned} 1.729 & \times {10^{ - 5}}{T^3} - \\& 0.021{T^2}+ \\& 8.440T - 945.686 \\ \end{aligned} $ $ \begin{aligned} 1.020 & \times {10^{ - 5}}{T^3} - \\& 1.280 \times {10^{ - 2}}{T^2}+ \\& 5.372T - 581.600 \\ \end{aligned} $
表 1  TEG1-12708热电材料参数
图 2  瞬态热源边界条件
图 3  热电发电器件在不同稳态温度输入下的负载输出曲线
图 4  正弦波瞬态热流边界下的热电发电器件仿真结果
图 5  瞬态温度边界条件下的输出功率与转换效率
图 6  瞬态热流边界条件下的输出功率
图 7  瞬态热流边界条件下的转换效率与热流量
图 8  瞬态热流边界条件下热电半导体的热量变化
图 9  不同边界条件下的温度变化
图 10  不同边界条件下的输出功率与转换效率
图 11  不同边界条件下的瞬态性能与稳态性能对比
图 12  瞬态试验台架
图 13  仿真结果与试验结果对比
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