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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2022, Vol. 56 Issue (12): 2478-2486    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2022.12.017
土木工程、水利工程     
压实钢渣-膨润土覆盖防渗材料试验研究
倪佳琪1,2(),詹良通1,2,*(),冯嵩1,2,3,孔令刚1,2,丰田1,2
1. 浙江大学 岩土工程研究所，浙江 杭州 310058
2. 浙江大学 软弱土与环境土工教育部重点实验室，浙江 杭州 310058
3. 福州大学 土木工程学院，福建 福州 350108
Experimental study on compacted steel slag-bentonite mixtures as hydraulic barrier material of cover
Jia-qi NI1,2(),Liang-tong ZHAN1,2,*(),Song FENG1,2,3,Ling-gang KONG1,2,Tian FENG1,2
1. Geotechnical Engineering Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2. Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
3. College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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摘要：

为了实现钢渣在工业固废堆场覆盖层中的应用，采用膨润土改良钢渣的防渗性. 通过柔性壁渗透试验，测量压实钢渣-膨润土混合材料的饱和渗透系数ks. 结合压汞法、X射线衍射和扫描电镜技术，分别观察试样的孔隙分布、蒙脱石矿物层间距和矿物形态，从微观尺度分析ks的影响机理. 提出满足防渗层渗透性要求(ks≤10?9 m/s)的配方与制备方法. 结果表明，膨润土预水化处理使试样的ks降低至未处理试样的1/2. 改良钢渣级配后，钢渣颗粒间的大孔隙比例降低，使试样的ks降低至不良级配试样的1/5. 钢渣掺和怀俄明膨润土试样的ks和孔隙分布与掺和钠化钙基膨润土试样的相似. 钢渣的高盐浸出液使蒙脱石层间距增大、结合水减少，对膨润土的渗透溶胀起抑制作用；钢渣水洗处理可以缓解该抑制作用，减少蒙脱石团簇的产生，使试样的ks降低至未处理试样的1/10.
关键词： 钢渣;  膨润土;  饱和渗透系数;  防渗层;  微观特征    
Abstract:

Bentonite was used to modify steel slag to improve impermeability of steel slag in cover liner of solid waste landfills. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the compacted steel slag-bentonite mixtures ks was investigated through the flexible-wall permeation tests. Then, the pore size distributions, interlayer spacing of montmorillonite and mineral morphology were investigated through mercury intrusion porosimetry tests, X-ray diffraction tests and scanning electron microscopy tests, in order to analyse the impact mechanism of the ks at the microscopic scale. Thereafter, a formula and a preparation method were proposed, which meets the permeability requirement of the hydraulic barrier (ks≤10?9 m/s). Results showed that the ks of the specimen, treated by pre-hydration of bentonite, was reduced to 1/2 of that of the untreated one. After improving the gradation of steel slag, the content of macropores between the steel slag particles was decreased, reducing the ks of the specimens to 1/5 of that of the specimen with poorly graded steel slag. The ks and pore size distribution of the specimens mixed steel slag with Wyoming were similar to those of sodium-activated calcium bentonite. The high salt content leachate of steel slag results in the increase of the interlayer spacing and the decrease of the bound water of montmorillonite. Subsequently, the osmotic swelling of bentonite is suppressed. Water-washing treatment of steel slag can alleviate the suppression effect and the formation of montmorillonite clusters, and reduce the ks of specimens to 1/10 of that of the untreated one.
Key words: steel slag    bentonite    saturated hydraulic conductivity    hydraulic barrier    microscopic characteristic
收稿日期: 2021-11-11 出版日期: 2023-01-03
CLC:  TU 443  
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1806003）；国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金项目(51625805)
通讯作者: 詹良通     E-mail: n310414394@foxmail.com;zhanlt@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 倪佳琪（1997—），男，硕士生，从事环境岩土工程研究. orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-4699. E-mail： n310414394@foxmail.com
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引用本文:

倪佳琪,詹良通,冯嵩,孔令刚,丰田. 压实钢渣-膨润土覆盖防渗材料试验研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2022, 56(12): 2478-2486.

Jia-qi NI,Liang-tong ZHAN,Song FENG,Ling-gang KONG,Tian FENG. Experimental study on compacted steel slag-bentonite mixtures as hydraulic barrier material of cover. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2022, 56(12): 2478-2486.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2022.12.017    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2022/V56/I12/2478

试验材料 Gs ωL/% ωP/% 土的类别 wB/% SI/(mL·2g?1)
硅酸二钙 氢氧化钙 方镁石 蒙脱石
钢渣 3.59 — — 级配良好砾（GW） 33.1 26.8 26.8 — —
钠化钙基膨润土 2.56 258.1 31.1 高液限黏土（CH） — — — 68.2 20.5
怀俄明膨润土 2.58 255.1 21.2 高液限黏土（CH） — — — 71.4 36.2
表 1  钢渣与膨润土基本物理化学性质
图 1  钢渣和膨润土的颗分曲线
图 2  钢渣-钠化钙基膨润土混合材料的击实特性（钢渣试验级配Ⅰ）
组号 试样编号 钢渣级配 ρd,act/(g·cm?3) 制样工艺 膨润土种类 wp /% 钢渣水洗处理
1 1BS5D PD Ⅰ 1.90 传统拌和 钠化钙基膨润土 5 ×
1BS10D(a/b) 1.91 10
1BS15D 1.91 15
2 2BS5P PD Ⅰ 1.90 预水化制样 钠化钙基膨润土 5 ×
2BS10P(a/b) 1.90 10
2BS15P 1.91 15
3 3BS10D(a/b) PD Ⅱ 1.91 传统拌和 钠化钙基膨润土 10 ×
4 4BW5D PD Ⅰ 1.90 传统拌和 怀俄明膨润土 5 ×
4BW10D 1.91 10
4BW15D 1.92 15
4BW10P 1.91 预水化制样 10
5 5BS10P(a/b) PD Ⅰ 1.91 预水化制样 钠化钙基膨润土 10 √
5BW10P 1.91 怀俄明膨润土 10
表 2  柔性壁渗透试验方案
图 3  不同钠化钙基膨润土掺量下试样制备方法对压实钢渣-膨润土试样饱和渗透系数的影响
图 4  钢渣级配对压实钢渣-膨润土试样饱和渗透系数的影响
图 5  钢渣级配对压实钢渣-膨润土试样孔径分布的影响
图 6  不同掺量下膨润土种类对压实钢渣-膨润土试样饱和渗透系数的影响
图 7  膨润土试样的X射线衍射图谱
图 8  膨润土种类对压实钢渣-膨润土试样孔径分布的影响
图 9  钢渣水洗处理对压实钢渣-膨润土试样饱和渗透系数的影响
图 10  钠化钙基膨润土试样的X射线衍射图谱
图 11  压实钢渣-膨润土试样的扫描电镜图像
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