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浙江大学学报(工学版)  2022, Vol. 56 Issue (7): 1394-1403    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2022.07.015
土木工程、水利工程、交通工程     
基于时空融合图卷积的交通流数据修复方法
侯越(),韩成艳,郑鑫,邓志远
兰州交通大学 电子与信息工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
Traffic flow data repair method based on spatial-temporal fusion graph convolution
Yue HOU(),Cheng-yan HAN,Xin ZHENG,Zhi-yuan DENG
School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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摘要:

为了解决现有时空相关修复法挖掘交通流特性不充分的问题,提出基于时空融合图卷积网络的缺失数据修复方法. 该方法在分析交通流时空特性的基础上,采用2类函数分别计算交通流数据的时间自相关系数和空间关联度系数. 将交通检测器的部署位置作为节点构成几何拓扑图,通过线性融合规则构建时空融合矩阵,替代图卷积输入层的邻接矩阵,捕获交通流细粒化的时空关系. 利用轻量级一维卷积层学习多通道时序向量的时间特征,加快模型的收敛速度. 利用图卷积层学习交通流数据的空间特征,构建时空融合图卷积网络修复模型. 实验结果表明,与其他修复方法相比,该方法在多检测器场景中的修复精度和模型收敛速度均有所提升,可以有效地修复交通流缺失数据.

关键词: 交通工程时空融合交通流数据修复图卷积网络一维卷积    
Abstract:

A missing data repair method based on spatio-temporal fusion graph convolutional network was proposed in order to solve the problem of insufficient traffic flow characteristics mining by existing spatio-temporal correlation repair method. Two types of functions were used to respectively calculate the temporal autocorrelation coefficient and spatial correlation coefficient of traffic flow data by analyzing the spatio-temporal characteristics of traffic flow. The deployment position of the traffic detector was used as a node to form a geometric topology graph, and a spatio-temporal fusion matrix was constructed by linear fusion rules, which replaced the adjacency matrix of the graph convolution input layer to capture the fine-grained spatio-temporal relationship of the traffic flow. The lightweight one-dimensional convolution layer was used to learn the temporal characteristics of multi-channel time series vectors in order to speed up the convergence speed of the model. The graph convolutional layer was used to learn the spatial characteristics of traffic flow data. A spatio-temporal fusion graph convolution network repair model was constructed. The experimental results show that the repair accuracy and model convergence speed of the method in multi-detector scenarios were improved compared with other repair methods, which can effectively repair the missing traffic flow data.

Key words: traffic engineering    spatio-temporal fusion    traffic flow data repair    graph convolutional network    one-dimensional convolution
收稿日期: 2021-10-25 出版日期: 2022-07-26
CLC:  U 491  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(62063014);甘肃省自然基金资助项目(20JR5RA407);甘肃省教育科技创新项目(2021CYZC-04);兰州交通大学“百名青年优秀人才培养计划”基金资助项目(1520220227)
作者简介: 侯越(1979—),女,教授,从事交通大数据挖掘、神经网络的研究. orcid.org/0000-0002-8289-329X. E-mail: houyue@mail.lzjtu.cn
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引用本文:

侯越,韩成艳,郑鑫,邓志远. 基于时空融合图卷积的交通流数据修复方法[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2022, 56(7): 1394-1403.

Yue HOU,Cheng-yan HAN,Xin ZHENG,Zhi-yuan DENG. Traffic flow data repair method based on spatial-temporal fusion graph convolution. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2022, 56(7): 1394-1403.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2022.07.015        https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2022/V56/I7/1394

图 1  detect_0工作日交通流量的时间相关性分析
检测器 $ r $ 检测器 $r $
detect_0 0.87 detect_3 0.88
detect_1 0.88 detect_4 0.86
detect_2 0.85
表 1  detect_0工作日交通流量的自相关性分析结果
时间点 周一 周二 周三 周四 周五
周一 1.00 0.90 0.66 0.75 0.77
周二 0.90 1.00 0.41 0.50 0.53
周三 0.66 0.41 1.00 0.90 0.89
周四 0.75 0.50 0.90 1.00 0.97
周五 0.77 0.53 0.89 0.97 1.00
表 2  detect_0工作日交通流量的相关性分析结果
图 2  多检测器交通流量空间关联性分析
检测器 detect_0 detect_1 detect_2 detect_3 detect_4
detect_0 1.00 0.85 0.78 0.94 0.85
detect_1 0.85 1.00 0.87 0.87 0.93
detect_2 0.78 0.87 1.00 0.81 0.85
detect_3 0.94 0.87 0.81 1.00 0.86
detect_4 0.85 0.93 0.85 0.86 1.00
表 3  多检测器交通流量的空间关联度系数
图 3  时空融合权连接关系图
图 4  1D-CNN网络结构图
图 5  STF_GCN修复模型的框架图
lr bt MAE RMSE
8×l0?4 32 31.517 35.689
8×l0?4 64 25.926 30.926
8×l0?4 128 25.935 32.121
l0?3 32 30.438 34.633
l0?3 64 24.981 29.952
l0?3 128 26.505 32.489
1.2×l0?3 32 25.542 31.490
1.2×l0?3 64 25.520 30.561
1.2×l0?3 128 25.542 31.490
表 4  STF_GCN模型参数
检测器 detect_0 detect_1 detect_2 ··· detect_m-1 detect_m
detect_0 0.8742 0 0 ··· 0 0
detect_1 0 0.8827 0.8712 ··· 0 0
detect_2 0 0 0.8523 ··· 0 0
$\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $
detect_m-1 0 0 0 ··· 0.8677 0
detect_m 0 0 0 ··· 0 0.7901
表 5  时空融合矩阵的关联度分析结果
图 6  不同方法在多个检测器上的修复结果
图 7  不同方法在多个检测器上的修复误差对比
检测器 GCN LGCN 1D-CNN_GCN LSTM_GCN STF_GCN
MAE RMSE MAE RMSE MAE RMSE MAE RMSE MAE RMSE
detect_28 19.42 21.97 18.26 20.93 17.46 20.56 19.54 22.13 12.38 14.77
detect_50 11.54 13.59 11.31 13.27 13.16 15.11 12.29 14.47 8.61 10.74
detect_55 17.50 20.58 17.12 20.05 19.76 22.7 18.45 21.72 12.89 16.08
detect_62 5.80 6.84 5.69 6.66 6.65 7.63 6.17 7.26 4.30 5.36
$\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $
PeMS08 26.77 31.69 28.38 33.40 28.72 33.85 25.65 30.52 24.98 29.95
表 6  不同方法的修复误差对比
模型 tc 模型 tc
GCN 207.6 LSTM_GCN 589.1
LCGN 191.3 STF_GCN 162.3
ID-GNN_GCN 162.6
表 7  模型收敛速度的对比
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