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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2021, Vol. 55 Issue (6): 1048-1055    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2021.06.004
交通工程、土木工程     
可实现宽频隔声的全向通风铁路声屏障
牛亚文1,2(),赵才友1,2,*(),易强3,师多佳1,2,郑钧元1,2,陈嵘1,2
1. 西南交通大学 高速铁路线路工程教育部重点实验室，四川 成都 610031
2. 西南交通大学 土木工程学院，四川 成都 610031
3. 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司 铁道建筑研究所，北京 100081
Omnidirectional ventilation railway sound barrier capable of realizing wide frequency sound insulation
Ya-wen NIU1,2(),Cai-you ZHAO1,2,*(),Qiang YI3,Duo-jia SHI1,2,Jun-yuan ZHENG1,2,Rong CHEN1,2
1. MOE Key Laboratory of High-speed Railway Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
2. School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
3. Railway Engineering Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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摘要：

针对现有铁路声屏障通风性能差和自重大的问题，提出新型铁路声屏障设计. 该结构是由螺旋通道和中空通路相互组合的超单元并联形成的，基于Fano共振机理实现螺旋通道和中空通路之间的耦合，能够对特定频带的声波能量实现高效阻隔，具有厚度薄、自重小、通风性能好等优点. 分析超单元结构对斜入射声波的隔离效果，对超单元结构进行参数优化分析，研究超单元数量对设计声屏障隔声性能的影响，对超单元结构进行实验验证. 研究结果表明，该结构可以对不同角度入射的声波实现宽频隔离；参数优化后的超单元结构可以有效控制轮轨噪声主频，已达到实际应用要求；超单元数量不会对声屏障的隔声性能产生影响；仿真与实验结果具有较高的一致性.
关键词： 铁路交通;  声学超材料;  Fano共振;  通风声屏障;  噪声控制    
Abstract:

A new railway sound barrier design was proposed aiming at the problems of poor ventilation performance and heavy weight of existing railway sound barriers. The structure was formed by a unit in which a spiral channel and a hollow channel were combined with each other in parallel. The coupling between the spiral channel and the hollow channel was realized based on the Fano resonance mechanism. The structure can effectively block the sound wave energy in a specific frequency band. This railway sound barrier had the advantages of thin thickness, small weight and good ventilation performance. The isolation effect of the meta unit structure on oblique incident sound waves was analyzed. The optimization analysis of the parameters of the meta unit structure was conducted, and the influence of the number of meta units on the sound insulation performance of the designed sound barrier was analyzed. The meta unit structure was verified by experiment. Results show that the structure can achieve wide frequency isolation of sound waves incident at different angles. The meta unit structure can effectively control the main frequency of wheel-rail noise after parameter optimization. Then the actual application requirements are met. The number of meta units will not affect the sound insulation performance of the sound barrier. The simulation results accorded with the experimental results.
Key words: railway traffic    acoustic metamaterial    Fano resonance    ventilation and sound barrier    noise control
收稿日期: 2020-06-11 出版日期: 2021-07-30
CLC:  U 211  
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划资助项目（2016YFE0205200）；高速铁路基础研究联合基金资助项目（U1734207）；自然科学基金资助项目（51978585）
通讯作者: 赵才友     E-mail: nyw805843006@163.com;zcy848279@163.com
作者简介: 牛亚文（1998—），男，硕士生，从事铁路交通减振降噪及声学超材料的研究. orcid.org/0000-0003-3846-265X. E-mail： nyw805843006@163.com
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引用本文:

牛亚文,赵才友,易强,师多佳,郑钧元,陈嵘. 可实现宽频隔声的全向通风铁路声屏障[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2021, 55(6): 1048-1055.

Ya-wen NIU,Cai-you ZHAO,Qiang YI,Duo-jia SHI,Jun-yuan ZHENG,Rong CHEN. Omnidirectional ventilation railway sound barrier capable of realizing wide frequency sound insulation. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2021, 55(6): 1048-1055.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2021.06.004    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2021/V55/I6/1048

图 1  声屏障正视、侧视及俯视示意图
图 2  超单元结构
mm
R r d P r* h
50 25 52 54 37.5 3
表 1  超单元的几何参数
图 3  超单元的隔声机理及效果
图 4  二维声压场及局部速度流线
图 5  斜入射声波的隔声效果分析
图 6  传递损失和频率随外径的变化
图 7  传递损失和频率随内径的变化
图 8  传递损失和频率随厚度的变化
mm
R r d P r* h
70 34 60 54 52.5 3
表 2  优化后超单元的几何参数
图 9  优化后的超单元结构
图 10  优化后超单元对轮轨噪声的控制效果
图 11  超材料声屏障的示意图
图 12  超单元个数对声屏障隔声性能的影响
图 13  声屏障局部结构的示意图
图 14  超单元样品的实物图
图 15  隔声性能测试装置的示意图
图 16  超单元仿真与实验对比
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