大豆和花生表型及光合特性对荫蔽的响应

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.02.231

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2023, Vol. 49

Issue (4): 526-534 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.02.231

研究论文

大豆和花生表型及光合特性对荫蔽的响应

鲁兆宏(

),谭婷婷,滕一鸣,杨文钰,杨峰(

)

四川农业大学农学院/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/四川省作物带状复合种植工程技术研究中心，四川成都 611130

Phenotypes and photosynthetic characteristics of soybeans and peanuts in response to shading

Zhaohong LU(

),Tingting TAN,Yiming TENG,Wenyu YANG,Feng YANG(

)

College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China

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摘要：

荫蔽直接影响作物的生长和发育，而荫蔽包括光强的降低和光质的改变。本研究采用室内盆栽试验，以大豆和花生为研究对象，设置正常光（N）处理[光强为433.83 μmol/（m²·s），红光/远红光（red/far-red, R/Fr）为4.26]、弱光（L）处理[光强为154.73 μmol/（m²·s），R/Fr为4.25]、荫蔽（S）处理[光强为159.43 μmol/（m²·s），R/Fr为0.45]3种光环境，研究大豆和花生植株形态、生物量、光合荧光特性等对荫蔽的响应。结果表明：与L处理相比，在S处理下，大豆的茎粗、光合色素含量明显增加，而大豆和花生的株高均显著降低，2种作物的净光合速率分别提高了60.70%和19.72%（P＜0.05）。与N处理相比，在L处理下，大豆的株高显著增加，茎粗、总生物量、叶面积、比叶重、光合色素含量、净光合速率和产量显著降低，花生的叶面积、净光合速率和产量也显著降低，且其总生物量和光合色素含量也呈下降趋势。综上所述，2种作物在形态和光合荧光特性方面对光强和光质的适应性不同。

关键词： 大豆; 花生; 荫蔽; 光强; 光质

Abstract:

Shading directly affects the growth and development of crops, which includes decreases in light intensity and changes in light quality. An indoor pot experiment was conducted with soybeans and peanuts under three light environments, including normal light (N) treatment [light intensity of 433.83 μmol/(m²·s), ratio of red to far-red light (R/Fr) of 4.26], low light (L) treatment [light intensity of 154.73 μmol/(m²·s), R/Fr of 4.25], and shading (S) treatment [light intensity of 159.43 μmol/(m²·s), R/Fr of 0.45), to study the response of soybean and peanut plant morphology, biomass, and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics to shading. The results showed that the stem diameter and photosynthetic pigment content increased obviously in soybeans under the S treatment as compared with the L treatment, while the plant heights of soybeans and peanuts significantly decreased, and the net photosynthetic rates of the two crops increased by 60.70% and 19.72%, respectively (P＜0.05). Compared with the N treatment, the plant height of soybeans increased significantly, and the stem diameter, total biomass, leaf area, specific leaf mass, photosynthetic pigment content, net photosynthetic rate and yield of soybeans decreased significantly under the L treatment; peanuts also showed a significant decrease in leaf area, net photosynthetic rate and yield, and a decreasing trend in total biomass and photosynthetic pigment content. In conclusion, the two crops have different adaptabilities to light intensity and light quality in terms of morphology and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics.

Key words: soybean peanut shading light intensity light quality

收稿日期: 2023-02-23 出版日期: 2023-08-29

CLC:

S565.1

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(32071963);国家大学生创新性实验计划项目(202110626061)

通讯作者: 杨峰 E-mail: 1846865437@qq.com;f.yang@sicau.edu.cn

作者简介: 鲁兆宏（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9283-682X），E-mail：1846865437@qq.com

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引用本文:

鲁兆宏,谭婷婷,滕一鸣,杨文钰,杨峰. 大豆和花生表型及光合特性对荫蔽的响应[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2023, 49(4): 526-534.

Zhaohong LU,Tingting TAN,Yiming TENG,Wenyu YANG,Feng YANG. Phenotypes and photosynthetic characteristics of soybeans and peanuts in response to shading. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2023, 49(4): 526-534.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.02.231 或 https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2023/V49/I4/526

图1 不同光环境下大豆和花生幼苗形态A.大豆幼苗；B.花生幼苗。N：正常光；L：弱光；S：荫蔽（下同）。

表1 不同光环境对大豆和花生幼苗形态的影响

图2 大豆和花生叶柄夹角对不同光环境的动态响应A.大豆倒1复叶；B.花生倒3复叶。

表2 不同光环境下大豆和花生幼苗干物质积累情况

表3 不同光环境下大豆和花生的光合色素含量

表4 不同光环境下大豆和花生的光合特征参数

表5 不同光环境下大豆和花生的叶绿素荧光参数

表6 不同光环境下大豆和花生的室内盆栽产量

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