不同功能肥料对基质栽培樱桃番茄的品质产量及基质环境的影响

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.08.301

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2022, Vol. 48

Issue (4): 434-442 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.08.301

园艺科学

不同功能肥料对基质栽培樱桃番茄的品质产量及基质环境的影响

谭洪吉(

),高艳明(

),李建设,魏文璐

宁夏大学农学院，银川 750021

Effects of different functional fertilizers on quality, yield and substrate environment of substrate-grown cherry tomatoes

Hongji TAN(

),Yanming GAO(

),Jianshe LI,Wenlu WEI

College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China

全文: PDF(1306 KB) HTML

摘要：

为筛选基质栽培樱桃番茄生产中增产提质最优的功能肥料组合，以樱桃番茄‘香妃9号’为试验材料，设置7种不同的功能肥料组合，分别为空白对照（CK）、氨基酸（T₁）、黄腐酸钾（T₂）、海藻素（T₃）、氨基酸+黄腐酸钾（T₄）、氨基酸+海藻素（T₅）、黄腐酸钾+海藻素（T₆）。采用滴灌的方式施用功能肥料与营养液，研究不同功能肥料对基质栽培樱桃番茄品质、产量及基质环境的影响。结果表明：和CK相比，单独添加海藻素（T₃）明显提高了樱桃番茄的净光合速率、胞间CO₂浓度和产量，增幅分别为39.97%、6.61%、22.32%；T₄和T₅功能肥料组合不仅显著提高了基质中微生物的数量，脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶的活性，还显著提高了樱桃番茄的品质和产量，且产量增幅分别达20.16%、12.84%。对所有的测定指标进行综合评估，发现T₅处理表现最好。综上所述，在营养液中添加50 mg/L氨基酸和5 mg/L海藻素，以滴灌方式栽培樱桃番茄，可达到改善基质环境、提高果实品质和产量的目的。

关键词： 樱桃番茄; 功能肥料; 光合特性; 品质产量; 基质环境

Abstract:

In order to screen the optimal combination of functional fertilizers for increasing yield and improving quality in the production of substrate-grown cherry tomatoes, cherry tomato ‘Fragrant Feminine 9’ was used as the material, and seven different combinations of functional fertilizers were set up, including blank control (CK), amino acid (T₁), potassium xanthate (T₂), alginate (T₃), amino acid+potassium xanthate (T₄), amino acid+alginate (T₅), and potassium xanthate+alginate (T₆). The functional fertilizers and nutrient solution were applied by drip irrigation to study the effects of different functional fertilizers on quality, yield and substrate environment of substrate-grown cherry tomatoes. The results showed that compared with CK, the addition of alginate (T₃) obviously increased the net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO₂ concentration and yield of cherry tomatoes by 39.97%, 6.61% and 22.32%, respectively. The combination of T₄ and T₅ functional fertilizers not only significantly increased microbial quantities, and the activities of urease, sucrase, alkaline phosphatase and catalase in the substrate, but also significantly improved the quality and yield of cherry tomatoes, with a yield increase by 20.16% and 12.84%, respectively. It was found that the T₅ treatment performed the best by comprehensive evaluation. In conclusion, the substrate environment can be improved, and the fruit quality and yield can be increased by adding 50 mg/L amino acids and 5 mg/L alginate in the nutrient solution to cultivate cherry tomatoes using drip irrigation.

Key words: cherry tomato functional fertilizer photosynthetic traits quality and yield substrate environment

收稿日期: 2021-08-30 出版日期: 2022-09-03

CLC:

S 641.2

基金资助: 宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2019BBF02008)

通讯作者: 高艳明 E-mail: 1304420236@qq.com;myangao@163.com

作者简介: 谭洪吉（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7700-8495），E-mail：1304420236@qq.com

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引用本文:

谭洪吉,高艳明,李建设,魏文璐. 不同功能肥料对基质栽培樱桃番茄的品质产量及基质环境的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2022, 48(4): 434-442.

Hongji TAN,Yanming GAO,Jianshe LI,Wenlu WEI. Effects of different functional fertilizers on quality, yield and substrate environment of substrate-grown cherry tomatoes. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2022, 48(4): 434-442.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.08.301 或 https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2022/V48/I4/434

化合物与大量元素

Compound and macroelement

3 －

-N

4 +

-N

P₂O₅

K₂O

c/(mmol/L)

10.0

1.0

7.0

1.5

1.0

微量元素

Microelement

ρ/(mg/L)

3.00

0.50

0.05

0.02

0.01

表1 营养液配方

表2 不同试验处理方案及肥料来源

表3 不同处理对樱桃番茄叶片光合能力的影响

表4 不同处理对基质中酶活性的影响 (mg/(g·h))

图1 不同处理对基质微生物数量的影响短栅上不同小写字母表示同种微生物的不同处理间在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义。

表5 不同处理对果实品质的影响

表6 不同处理对樱桃番茄产量的影响

图2 基质中微生物数量、酶活性与果实品质产量间相关性分析*和**分别表示在P＜0.05和P＜0.01水平显著和极显著相关（橙色标记处）。S1：脲酶；S2：碱性磷酸酶；S3：蔗糖酶；S4：过氧化氢酶；S5：细菌；S6：真菌；S7：放线菌；S8：维生素C；S9：可溶性糖；S10：硝酸盐；S11：可溶性固形物；S12：产量。

表7 相关指标的主成分值、隶属函数值、综合评价值及综合排名

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