有机肥部分替代化学氮肥的安全施用比例及环境容量研究——以典型土壤生菜种植为例

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.03.041

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2022, Vol. 48

Issue (2): 191-206 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.03.041

资源利用与环境保护

有机肥部分替代化学氮肥的安全施用比例及环境容量研究——以典型土壤生菜种植为例

顾思婷¹(

),陈謇²,李志洋¹,施加春¹(

)

^1.浙江大学土水资源与环境研究所，浙江省农业资源与环境重点实验室，杭州 310058
^2.温岭市农业农村和水利局，浙江台州 317500

Safety application ratio and environmental capacity of partial substitution of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer: a case study of cultivation of lettuce in typical soils

Siting GU¹(

),Jian CHEN²,Zhiyang LI¹,Jiachun SHI¹(

)

^1.Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
^2.Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Water Resource of Wenling, Taizhou 317500, Zhejiang, China

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摘要：

通过对浙江省9种不同典型土壤进行生菜种植盆栽试验，并联合多元线性回归和土壤环境静态容量模型，研究不同有机肥替代化学氮肥比例对土壤环境质量、农产品产量及质量和土壤环境容量变化的影响。结果表明：有机肥部分替代化学氮肥施用增加了土壤全氮和有机质的含量（除黄松土外），且显著增加了生菜产量。不同施肥处理下不同土壤类型及其生菜地上部重金属累积差异明显，有机肥施用显著增加了小粉土、培泥砂土和黄斑田的镉（Cd）含量。施加有机肥后，在黄斑田、小粉土和培泥砂土上种植的生菜地上部Cd、铬（Cr）、砷（As）和铅（Pb）含量显著上升，但黄红壤中的显著下降。在培泥砂土和小粉土上种植生菜的有机肥部分替代化学氮肥的安全施用推荐比例均为10%，青紫泥田和黄红壤均为20%，黄斑田和黄松土均为30%，淡涂粘田为40%。随着有机肥替代施用年限的增长，土壤重金属环境容量逐渐降低，因此，严格管控有机肥的施用量及施用年限有助于保障土壤环境质量和农产品的安全。

关键词： 生菜种植; 有机肥部分替代化学氮肥; 重金属; 土壤环境容量

Abstract:

Pot experiments of lettuce in nine different typical types of soils, combined with multiple linear regression and static capacity model of soil environment, were conducted, and the effects of different ratios of substituting chemical nitrogen fertilizer by organic fertilizer on soil environmental quality, yield, and the safety of agricultural products and soil environmental capacity were studied. The results showed that partial substitution of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer increased the total nitrogen and organic matter contents of the soil (except fluvio-marine yellow loamy soil), and significantly increased the yield of lettuce. The accumulations of heavy metals in different soil types and lettuce shoots under different fertilization treatments were significantly different. The application of organic fertilizer significantly increased the Cd contents in powdery-loamy paddy soil, silt-clayey yellow mettled paddy soil and hapl fluvo-aquic loamy soil. The contents of Cd, Cr, As, and Pb of lettuce planted in silt-clayey yellow mettled paddy soil, powdery-loamy paddy soil and hapl fluvo-aquic loamy soil all increased significantly after applying organic fertilizer, but decreased significantly in yellow-red soil. For the pot experiment with lettuce, the safety application ratios of organic fertilizer in hapl fluvo-aquic loamy soil, blue clayey paddy soil, silt-clayey yellow mettled paddy soil, powdery-loamy paddy soil, fluvio-marine yellow loamy soil, yellow-red soil and paddy field on desalting clayey polder were 10%, 20%, 30%, 10%, 30%, 20%, and 40%, respectively. The soil heavy metal environmental capacity decreased with the increase of application years of partial substitution of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer, so it is important to strictly limit the application amount of organic fertilizer to protect the soil environment.

Key words: cultivation of lettuce partial substitution of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer heavy metal soil environmental capacity

收稿日期: 2021-03-04 出版日期: 2022-04-29

CLC:

X 53

基金资助: 国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200106-4)

通讯作者: 施加春 E-mail: 3140100491@zju.edu.cn;jcshi@zju.edu.cn

作者简介: 顾思婷（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4787-1036），E-mail：3140100491@zju.edu.cn

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引用本文:

顾思婷,陈謇,李志洋,施加春. 有机肥部分替代化学氮肥的安全施用比例及环境容量研究——以典型土壤生菜种植为例[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2022, 48(2): 191-206.

Siting GU,Jian CHEN,Zhiyang LI,Jiachun SHI. Safety application ratio and environmental capacity of partial substitution of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer: a case study of cultivation of lettuce in typical soils. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2022, 48(2): 191-206.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.03.041 或 https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2022/V48/I2/191

表1 生菜盆栽试验供试土壤及有机肥的基本理化性质及其重金属含量

图1 有机肥部分替代化学氮肥施用对土壤pH的影响CK：不施氮肥；F：仅施氮肥（1.54 g尿素）；M1：1.39 g尿素＋2.62 g有机肥；M2：1.23 g尿素＋5.24 g有机肥；M3：1.08 g尿素＋7.87 g有机肥；M4：0.93 g尿素＋10.49 g有机肥。短栅上不同小写字母表示同种土壤类型的不同处理间在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义；n=3。下同。

图2 有机肥部分替代化学氮肥施用对土壤OM含量的影响

图3 有机肥部分替代化学氮肥施用对土壤TN含量的影响

图4 有机肥部分替代化学氮肥施用对土壤Cd、Cr、As、Pb含量的影响

表2 有机肥部分替代化学氮肥施用对生菜产量的影响

图5 有机肥部分替代化学氮肥施用对生菜地上部Cd、Cr、As、Pb含量的影响

表3 生菜地上部Cd、Cr、As、Pb含量与各因子的多元线性回归方程

表4 平均每年土壤重金属环境容量 (kg/hm2)

表5 不同土壤在不同有机肥替代处理下生菜地上部重金属Cd富集系数

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