The high fidelity of CAD model in simulation test has been unsatisfied with the continuous improvement of product assembly quality requirements. A rapid reconstruction method of simulation model based on point cloud and design model was proposed in order to express the actual machining quality of parts quickly and accurately in the simulation experiment. The method of "one-plane and two-hole registration" was adopted to register the measured point cloud data to the design model. The control vertices in the boundary of the design model were extracted for surface reconstruction. Non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) method was used to fit the surface. The partial and efficient replacement of the model surface was realized, which combined boundary representation (BREP) and constructive solid geometry (CSG), with the simulation requirements. A rapid reconstruction module based on actual measured point cloud and design model, and a digital preinstalled module based on extensible markup language (XML) and fully features matched, were developed in CATIA. The reconstruction accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method, as well as its high efficiency and accuracy in the simulation of preassembly, were verified by taking a typical part of an aviation enterprise and assembly of aircraft door as examples.