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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2020, Vol. 54 Issue (9): 1785-1794    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.09.015
机械与能源工程     
基于缝隙射流原理的离心泵空化控制研究
赵伟国1,2(),路佳佳1,2,赵富荣1,2
1. 兰州理工大学 能源与动力工程学院，甘肃 兰州 730050
2. 甘肃省流体机械及系统重点实验室，甘肃 兰州 730050
Cavitation control of centrifugal pump based on gap jet principle
Wei-guo ZHAO1,2(),Jia-jia LU1,2,Fu-rong ZHAO1,2
1. College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
2. Key Laboratory of Fluid Machinery and System, Lanzhou 730050, China
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摘要：

为了改善低比转速离心泵内的空化流动状态，提出一种在叶片上设置缝隙的被动控制方法，探究该结构对空化的抑制效果及其控制机理. 采用数值模拟方法探讨结构对空化的抑制. 采用修正的SST k-ω湍流模型和Kubota空化模型，对原始叶轮和改型叶轮分别进行定常及非定常数值计算，获得设计工况下2种叶轮形式在各个空化阶段的流场结构及压力脉动特性. 计算结果表明：改型叶轮中经缝隙流向叶片背面的高压流体提高了叶片背面的压力，对空化初生、空化发展及空化剧烈阶段均产生了抑制作用，特别是空化剧烈阶段，与原始叶轮相比，其空泡体积分数减少了60.6%；与原始叶轮相比，改型叶轮内液相区的压力脉动主频幅值在各个空化阶段均有所下降.
关键词： 低比转速离心泵;  空化抑制;  缝隙射流;  数值模拟    
Abstract:

A passive control method with slot on the blade was proposed, and the cavitation suppression effect and control mechanism of the structure were explored, in order to improve the cavitation flow state in low specific speed centrifugal pump. The restraining effect of the structure on cavitation was explored by numerical simulation method. The modified SST k-ω turbulence model and Kubota cavitation model were used to calculate the steady and unsteady flow on the original impeller and the modified impeller, respectively, to obtain the flow field structure and pressure pulsation characteristic of two impeller forms in each cavitation stage under the design conditions. The calculation results show that the high-pressure fluid flowing to the back of the blade through the gap in the modified impeller increases the pressure on the back of the blade, which has inhibitory effect on initial cavitation, the development of cavitation and the intense stage of cavitation. Especially for the intense stage of cavitation, the cavity volume fraction decreased by 60.6% compared with the original model. the main frequency amplitude of the pressure pulsation in the liquid region of the modified impeller decreased at each cavitation stage, compared with that of the original impeller.
Key words: low specific speed centrifugal pump    cavitation suppression    gap jet    numerical simulation
收稿日期: 2019-08-14 出版日期: 2020-09-22
CLC:  TH 311  
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划资助项目（2018YFB0606103）；甘肃省自然科学基金资助项目（18JR3RA149）
作者简介: 赵伟国（1979—），男，教授，从事水力机械流动理论及空化多相流研究. orcid.org/：000-0002-3550-604X. E-mail： zhaowg@zju.edu.cn
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引用本文:

赵伟国,路佳佳,赵富荣. 基于缝隙射流原理的离心泵空化控制研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2020, 54(9): 1785-1794.

Wei-guo ZHAO,Jia-jia LU,Fu-rong ZHAO. Cavitation control of centrifugal pump based on gap jet principle. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2020, 54(9): 1785-1794.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.09.015    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2020/V54/I9/1785

图 1  湍流黏度修正函数
参数 符号 数值 单位
设计流量 Q0 8.6 m3/h
额定转速 n 500 r/min
叶轮出口直径 D2 310 mm
叶轮进口直径 D1 85 mm
设计扬程 H 4.5 m
叶片数 Z 6 -
叶轮出口宽度 b2 12 mm
叶片通过频率 BPF 50 Hz
表 1  单级单吸模型泵几何参数
图 2  原始模型的几何模型及射流孔几何参数示意图
图 3  计算域网格及叶片表面的y+值云图
方案 网格节点数 总网格数 H/m
进口段 叶轮 蜗壳
方案1 393 576 815 610 302 852 1 512 038 4.42
方案2 721 868 984 378 370 910 2 077 156 4.58
方案3 721 868 1 317 600 370 910 2 410 378 4.58
表 2  计算域网格无关性检验
图 4  离心泵可视化实验平台示意图
图 5  原始叶轮的模拟值与试验值对比
图 6  原始叶轮与改型叶轮的外特性对比
图 7  原始叶轮与改型叶轮的空化特性对比
图 8  一个叶轮旋转周期内原始叶轮与改型叶轮的空泡体积分数对比
图 9  原始叶轮与改型叶轮中的截面绝对压力分布
图 10  原始叶轮与改型叶轮的截面空泡体积分数及流线分布
图 11  当空化数为0.13时原始叶轮与改型叶轮的截面速度矢量图分布
图 12  当空化数为0.13时原始叶轮与改型叶轮的截面速度云图分布
图 13  原始叶轮与改型叶轮的截面湍动能分布
图 14  叶轮流道中的截面监测点布置
图 15  原始叶轮与改型叶轮的监测点压力脉动主频幅值分布
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