基于导重法的叉车门架轻量化设计

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.01.004

浙江大学学报(工学版)

2020, Vol. 54

Issue (1): 33-39 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.01.004

机械工程

基于导重法的叉车门架轻量化设计

童水光1(

),何顺1,童哲铭1,*(

),李元松2,徐征宇2,方晓晖2,谭达辉3,钟玉伟3

1. 浙江大学机械工程学院，浙江杭州 310027
2. 杭叉集团股份有限公司，浙江杭州 311305
3. 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司，广西玉林 537005

Lightweight design of forklift frame based on guide weight method

Shui-guang TONG1(

),Shun HE1,Zhe-ming TONG1,*(

),Yuan-song LI2,Zheng-yu XU2,Xiao-hui FANG2,Da-hui TAN3,Yu-wei ZHONG3

1. College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
2. Hang Fork Group Limited Company, Hangzhou 311305, China
3. Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Limited Company, Yulin 537005, China

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摘要：

针对大型复杂机械设计余量过大的现象，采用导重法和灵敏度计算相结合的集成优化法对某型号内燃叉车的门架结构进行全局轻量化设计. 推导强度、刚度等多性态约束条件，搭建导重法单目标、多性态约束优化模型，利用Lamker算法求解Kuhn-Tucker乘子；灵敏度计算采用带有经典误差修正项的半解析法（ESA），引入单元误差修正项，消除刚体转动位移带来的误差；结合导重法，解决了容重和导重难以求解的问题. 利用有限元法，对优化后的门架结构进行强度和刚度校核. 结果表明，采用导重法和灵敏度计算相结合的集成优化法效果显著，使得叉车门架质量降低18.21%，优化后的门架强度和刚度满足设计要求.

关键词： 导重法; 半解析法（ESA）; 多性态约束; 轻量化设计; 有限元法

Abstract:

The integrated optimization method combining the guide weight method and the sensitivity calculation was used to lightweight design the gantry structure of a certain type of internal combustion forklift aiming at the large margin of large-scale mechanical design. The multi-state constraints such as strength and stiffness were derived. The single-objective and multi-sex constraint optimization model of the guide weight method was established. The Kuhn-Tucker multiplier was solved by Lamker algorithm. The semi-analytic method with classical error correction term (ESA) was used to calculate sensitivity, and the unit error correction term was introduced to eliminate the error caused by the rotational displacement of the rigid body. The problem that the bulk density and the guided weight are difficult to solve was solved combined with the guide weight method. The finite element method was used to check the strength and stiffness of the optimized gantry structure. Results show that the integrated optimization method combined with the guide weight method and the sensitivity calculation has a significant effect, which makes the quality of the forklift gantry reduced by 18.21%. The optimized gantry strength and stiffness meet the design requirements.

Key words: guide weight method semi-analytic method (ESA) multi-state constraint lightweight design finite element method

收稿日期: 2018-11-29 出版日期: 2020-01-05

CLC:

TH 242

基金资助: 浙江省自然科学基金资助项目（LR19E050002）；浙江省重点研发计划资助项目（2014C01064，2018C01020，2018C01060，2019C01057）

通讯作者: 童哲铭 E-mail: cetongsg@zju.edu.cn;tzm@zju.edu.cn

作者简介: 童水光（1960—），男，教授，从事重大机械装备设计及优化研究. orcid.org/0000-0001-5908-7401. E-mail： cetongsg@zju.edu.cn

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引用本文:

童水光,何顺,童哲铭,李元松,徐征宇,方晓晖,谭达辉,钟玉伟. 基于导重法的叉车门架轻量化设计[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2020, 54(1): 33-39.

Shui-guang TONG,Shun HE,Zhe-ming TONG,Yuan-song LI,Zheng-yu XU,Xiao-hui FANG,Da-hui TAN,Yu-wei ZHONG. Lightweight design of forklift frame based on guide weight method. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2020, 54(1): 33-39.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.01.004 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2020/V54/I1/33

图 1 门架结构图

图 2 门架立柱结构及组合方式

表 1 Q345材料属性表

图 3 门架立柱受力图

图 4 门架整体位移图

图 5 门架立柱截面图

表 2 优化前、后的设计变量尺寸

表 3 门架各结构优化前、后的质量对比

图 6 门架整体有限元分析结果

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