In order to develop a rapid, specific, and accurate detection method for the concentration of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) through Escherichia coli-based expression systems, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was combined with microfluidic chip. The specific first antibody for rhBMP-2 was screened from several commercial products. Based on the regulation strategy of antibody orientation for enhancing detection signal, plasma-protein A method was then used to modify the detection microwells of the microfluidic chip. After tuning the conditions of plasma treatment on the detection microwells, adsorption efficiency of the first antibody and strength of the final detection signal were evaluated. It was found that the better capture efficiency of the first antibody could be obtained by using the higher power in the plasma treatment process. The best plasma condition was the power of 100 W and treatment time of 30 s. After the optimized modification conditions were applied for the microfluidic chip, the dilute concentrations of rhBMP-2 in a range of 0-2 000 pg/mL were achieved. In comparison with the standard assay carried out in the 96-well microtiter plate, the microwells of microfluidic chip exhibited a broader linear detection range (0-2 000 pg/mL vs. 0-250 pg/mL) and a much less reagent consumption (Each sample needed 600 μL reagent consumption in the standard assay, while about 16 μL in the microwell assay, which was 97.3% reduction in dosage). Clearly, this plasma-protein A immobilization strategy holds a great potential for polymeric microfluidic chip based assay in biomedical application, food safety, and environment monitoring.

Previous work proved that a strain of Meyerozyma guilliermondii isolated from the Xisha islands of Hainan Province had good salt-tolerant ability which could grow under 12% NaCl stress culture condition. Based on the above results, the transcriptome sequencing of the straincultured under salt stress and non-salt stress for 24 h was constructed by Illumina HiSeq^TM in this study. The results were as follows: the two samples yielded 1 027 significantly differential expression genes, of which 458 genes were up-regulated and 569 genes were down-regulated. According to the gene ontology (GO) functional annotations, the differential expression genes of M. guilliermondii treated with salt stress were mainly concentrated on the classification of biological process, in which nucleotide metabolism, sugar metabolism and coenzyme metabolism genes were greatly different. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the differential expression genes showed that the most of the enrichment pathways were related to cell division and metabolism, which were corresponding to the GO enrichment results. The above results can provide scientific basis for further biological research on the effect of the growth of M. guilliermondii under salt stress.

In order to clarify the mechanism of SOC1 inthe process of flower formation in Magnolia liliflora, two SOC1 genes were screened out based on the transcriptome datain M. sinostellata, and the complete coding regions of these two SOC1 genes were obtained by homologous gene cloning. The bioinformatics software was used to analyze the information of these two genes, and the expression patterns in different flower bud differentiation periods were verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed that the length of MlSOC1-1 was 666 bp, which encoding 221 amino acids, and the length of MlSOC1-2 was 654 bp, which encoding 217 amino acids. Both of these two MlSOC1 genescontained highly conservative SOC1 motifs, which indicated that the genes belong to the SOC1/TM3 subfamily. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that MlSOC1-1 was closely related to SOC1 homologous gene of M. praecocissima, while MlSOC1-2 was closely related to SOC1 homologous gene of M. virginiana. Subcellular localization experiments revealed that both genes were located on the nucleus. Besides, the results of expression analysis showed that compared with MlSOC1-2, in addition to participating in the flower transformation of the flower bud in M. liliflora, MlSOC1-1 might also play a role in the flower opening and the synthesis of flower organs. These results show that there are differences in the roles of these two MlSOC1 genes in flower bud differentiation, which provides a theoretical basis for further study of the role of MlSOC1 genes in flower formation of M. liliflora.

In order to elucidate the mechanism of root hair deficiency in blueberry, six key genes involved in root hair development were isolated and identified using ‘Brigitta’ blueberry seedlings as materials; meanwhile, to screen probiotic endophytic mycorrhizal fungi and study their mechanism of promoting seedling growth, 12 strains of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi were isolated and purified from the roots of mature blueberry bushes of ‘Sharpblue’ and ‘O’Neal’. Then these isolated fungi were separately inoculated on ‘Gulfcoast’ blueberry seedlings. The results showed that the negative regulators in root hair development, GL2, WER and TTG were expressed in root hairs, while the positive regulators TRY, CPC and ETC1 were not expressed, which may be the main mechanism resulted in root hair deficiency in blueberry. The isolated mycorrhizal fungi mainly belonged to the genera of Fusarium, Talaromyces, Gibberella, Penicillium and Aspergillus. Inoculation experiments showed the strains A1, A4, X2 and X22 significantly promoted the growth of blueberry; meanwhile, A1, A4 and X22 significantly increased root activity; A4, X2 and X22 significantly acidified the rhizospheric soil. In the A4 and X22 treatment groups, the total phosphorus contents of leaves increased significantly, but no obvious decrease was observed in the available phosphorus content in rhizosphere. Therefore, it can be inferred that the mycorrhiza formed by the strains of A4 and X22 can enhance the phosphorus availability. Vitamin B₂, related to plant growth and resistance, was detected in the secretion of X22, which suggests that biosynthesis of vitamin B₂ may be another plant growth-promoting mechanism of ericoid mycorrhizae.

The aim of this study was to clarify the transpiration water consumption law of apple orchards in the arid oasis area and the driving mechanism of environmental factors on fruit trees, determine the water carrying capacity and formulate an appropriate irrigation system. We continuously monitored the stemflow of Fuji (Changfu 2) apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) in Aksu region of Xinjiang using a stemflow meter with thermal dissipation probe. The results indicated that the diurnal variation of stemflow rate mainly showed a bimodal curve in summer and autumn, and a unimodal curve in spring. The diurnal stemflow was significantly different, and the nighttime stemflow was stable, which mainly concentrated in the time period from sunset to 00:30 on the following day. The nighttime stemflow ratio was September＞May＞August＞July＞June, and the stemflow accounted for 10.28% in September, only 1.06% in June. The stemflow rate was significantly different in different seasons. In summer, the stemflow started early and stopped late, and the stemflow rate was large. Under the instantaneous scale, the stemflow rate was extremely significantly positive correlation with solar radiation, air temperature, water vapor pressure deficit, and wind speed (P＜0.01), and it was extremely significantly negative correlation with relative humidity (P＜0.01). The key factors which affected the instantaneous scale of trunk stemflow rate were solar radiation, air temperature, and water vapor pressure deficit. The daily average stemflow rate was extremely significantly positive correlation with solar radiation, air temperature, water vapor pressure deficit, soil water content, and soil temperature (P＜0.01), and extremely significantly negative correlation with relative humidity (P＜0.01), and it was not related to wind speed (P＞0.05). The key factors affecting the change of stemflow on a daily scale were water vapor pressure deficit and solar radiation. In conclusion, the fruit trees are affected by environmental factors such as solar radiation, water vapor pressure deficit, and soil water content in July in Aksu of Xinjiang, and the orchard consumes a large amount of water by transpiration, so irrigation should be supplemented in time.

The effects of two light emitting diodes（LED-1 and LED-2）and the fluorescent lamp treatments on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and biochemical components of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis leaves were studied in the artificial climate chamber. The results showed that with the increase of the treatment time, the nitrogen balance index and chlorophyll index increased significantly, while no significant differences among the three light source treatments. At the end of the experiment, the highest contents of polyphenols and free amino acids were recorded under the LED-2 treatment with the maximal ratio of red to blue light (4.4). The highest flavonoid index was detected under the fluorescent lamp treatment with the lowest ratio of red to blue light (0.8) and the highest ratio of green light (0.41). The minimal values of biochemical component contents and actual photochemical quantum efficiency were observed under the LED-1 treatment with a higher ratio of blue light. The above results indicate that, in order to promote the accumulation of flavonoid and free amino acids in G. jasminoides leaves, it is necessary to increase account of green and far-red lights, and reduce the ratio of red to far-red light, while designing a suitable LED for G. jasminoides.

Combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), we compared the adsorption characteristics and laws of aroma compounds for green tea, yellow tea and white tea by using three methods, i.e. headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME), headspace stir bar sorptive extraction (HS-SBSE), and Tenax TA. Under the same ratio of tea to water, equilibrium time, extraction temperature and adsorption time, the enrichment effect of the three methods on aroma compounds for nine tea samples was analyzed. The results showed that the absorption capacity of Tenax TA was the highest; HS-SBSE was the second; and HS-SPME was the lowest. HS-SPME and HS-SBSE showed better enrichment effect for terpene and low water-soluble compounds, while Tenax TA showed better adsorption capacity of aldehyde and could trap some of the water-soluble and highly volatile substances easily. In addition, compared with Tenax TA, the relative content of long carbon chain compounds such as linalool, linalool oxide and cis-3-hexenyl hexanoate extracted by HS-SPME and HS-SBSE was significantly higher (P＜0.05), while the relative content of short carbon chain compounds including 2-methylbutyraldehyde and 1-penten-3-ol was lower (P＜0.05). In conclusion, the analysis results of Tenax TA method is more authentic in aroma composition, in consideration of a strong competition effect during HS-SPME and HS-SBSE extraction.

Styrax zhejiangensis distributed in Taohuawu, Longjiang Forest Area, Jiande Forest Farm, Zhejiang Province, is a unique wild plant with extremely small population in Zhejiang Province. Based on the field investigation on the communities of S. zhejiangensis, the niche characteristics of S. zhejiangensis was analyzed by Levins’, Shannon’s and Pianka’s formulas, and the interspecific association was analyzed by χ² test, association coefficient（AC）, and percentage of co-occurrence（PC）to provide a theoretical basis for the protection of S. zhejiangensis. The results were as follows: 1) Being one of the dominant species in shrub layer in its community, S. zhejiangensis’s important value was 10.74%, which ranked the third in the species of shrub layer. 2) Styrax zhejiangensis had larger niche breadths calculated by the Levins’ and Shannon’s formulas, which were 6.557 and 1.977, respectively. 3) Eurya japonica had the biggest niche overlap value with S. zhejiangensis, which indicated that S. zhejiangensis had similar environmental requirements with E. japonica. However, there was a negative connection tendency between them, indicating that there was competition in the use of environmental nutrition space and the struggle for resources between them. The strong ecological adaptability of S. zhejiangensis in the humid environment revealed the special requirements of S. zhejiangensis for its growth environment. The main reasons for the scarcity of S. zhejiangensis were that it had competition for resources with Indocalamus tessellatus, E. japonica, Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum, Ilex chinensis and so on in terms of lacking resources. In summary, the above results provide a scientific and theoretical basis for protection of S. zhejiangensis.

In order to investigate the species and distribution of fragrant plant resources, the field investigation, specimen collection and identification from April to December in 2018 were conducted. The results showed that 238 species of fragrant plants were found in Ziweishan National Forest Park, such as Pinus massoniana Lamb., Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook., Cupressus funebris Endl., Taxus chinensis and Torreya grandis Fort. et Lindl., and they belonged to 75 families and 180 genera, accounting for 29.75% of the total number of fragrant plants in China, and including nine species of nine genera of five families of gymnosperms, and 229 species of 171 genera of 70 families of angiosperms, and the dicotyledons were dominant in angiosperms. Among 238 fragrant plants in Ziweishan National Forest Park, leaves, flowers, fruits and whole grass were the dominant fragrant parts. Comprehensive evaluation on the application value of 238 species of fragrant plants in Ziweishan National Forest Park was developed by using the analytic hierarchy processes (AHP). Eighteen evaluation indexes were executed reserved from different aspects of aromaticity, ornamental value, utilization potential, biological characteristics and so on. They were divided into four grades according to the comprehensive evaluation value：grade Ⅰ (comprehensive evaluation value＞4.0) species with high value on landscape application were nine; grade Ⅱ (＞3.3-4.0) types of middle application value were 64; grade Ⅲ (3.0-3.3) had 73 and grade Ⅳ (＜3.0) had 92. It can be induced that the evaluation system can objectively and accurately reflect the fragrant plant landscape value, in consistence with the actual application, and provids a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of the fragrant plant built in Ziweishan National Forest Park from the results.

We reported two species of epiphyllous liverworts belonging two genera of Lejeuneaceae family from Hangzhou West Lake scenic area (Zhejiang Province, China). The two species, namely Leptolejeunea elliptica and Cololejeunea raduliloba, were studied via field investigation, classic taxonomy and literature research. Notably, this was the first recorded discovery of Leptolejeunea elliptica in Hangzhou. Further, the morphological characteristics of the two species were documented, and their distribution, habitat conditions were also discussed. As a result of Hangzhou West Lake scenic area being the first Chinese city built-up areas with recorded discovery of epiphyllous liverworts, this discovery provides positive indication on the local natural environmental conditions. This study also accumulates important data on the species records, habitat conditions and distribution patterns of epiphyllous liverworts in Zhejiang Province, as well as in the eastern China area.

In order to optimize prawn breeding mode, growth of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), phytoplankton species and environmental variation in six greenhouse ponds located in Zhoushan City of Zhejiang Province were monitored at the interval of 15 d between August 16 and October 30, 2017. The results showed that the body length (L/cm) and body mass (m/g) of the white shrimp increased with the breeding time (t/d), and the regression equations were described as L=0.744 9×t^{0.594 6} and m=0.004 2×t^{1.823 7}, respectively. During the investigation period, water temperature and pH in the ponds decreased with the prolongation of time. The reactive phosphate (\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{3}－}-P) and total phosphorus (TP) contents in the ponds significantly increased after the 15th day of stocking the shrimp seed. The total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), total nitrogen (TN) contents and five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅) value significantly increased, while the total alkalinity (TA) significantly decreased, after the 30th day of stocking the shrimp seed. The chemical oxygen demand (COD_Mn) value significantly increased, while the dissolved oxygen (DO) value declined, after the 45th day of stocking the shrimp seed. The species of Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta and Euglenophytadominated in the ponds. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) content increased from the 0th to the 30th day after stocking the shrimp seed and then gradually declined. Growth rate in body length or body mass of the shrimp positively correlated to nitrite nitrogen (\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}^{－}-N), nitrate nitrogen (\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{3}}^{－}-N), TN, \mathrm{P}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{3}－}-P, TP, Chl a contents, and COD_Mn, BOD₅ values, but negatively correlated to water temperature, DO value, pH and TA. These results suggest that water temperature, DO, pH and TA might be the environmental factors regulating growth of the white shrimp reared in the greenhouse ponds. Abnormally high water temperature in summer might limit growth of the white shrimp, and maintaining pH constant should be an important aspect in water quality management.

We assessed the effects of ambient temperature and relative humidity on the infrared thermography (IRT) temperature of dairy cows, and evaluated the IRT body surface temperatures as effective surrogates of cow’s rectal temperature. The rectal temperature and the IRT temperatures (eyes, nose, skin) of 171 cows were measured and obtained at the ambient temperatures of －1 to 36 ℃. The standard deviations of IRT temperatures decreased with the rising of ambient temperatures. Both ambient temperature and relative humidity had significant impact on the IRT temperatures (P＜0.000 1). The effect of relative humidity on the IRT temperatures was less than that of ambient temperature. Regression analysis showed that significant correlation existed between the rectal temperature and the IRT temperatures of eyes, nose and skin (P＜0.000 1), with R² being 0.494 0, 0.328 0, and 0.273 1 and the standard errors being 0.17, 0.19, and 0.20 ℃, respectively. The correlation was improved notably by breaking down the ambient temperature (T) into three segments, i.e., T≤10 ℃, 10 ℃＜T≤26 ℃, T＞26 ℃. Linear regression based on the segmented ambient temperature outperformed the original univariate linear correlation. Therefore, the influence of ambient temperature on the IRT temperatures cannot be ignored, and the IRT temperatures can accurately predict the body temperature using the segmented ambient temperature. Although all IRT temperatures (eyes, nose, and skin) could indicate the cow’s body (rectal) temperature, the IRT temperature of eyes is preferred because it is simple to measure, least affected by the ambient temperature, and has the highest accuracy.

In order to solve the problem of crop loss caused by the internal wheel difference when the front wheels of the field management machine were turned, this study proposed a path tracking algorithm based on the four-wheel steering field management machine. Taking the 3WPZ-750 field management machine as the research object, a set of path tracking control system was designed. First, the mechanical structure design of the research subject’s steering outriggers and the principle of the automatic steering hydraulic system were explained. Second, the technical route of the path tracking host computer control system based on the original control system was outlined. Then, based on the four-wheel steering model, a pure tracking algorithm was used for wheel steering angle control research. Finally, the path tracking control interface was written based on Microsoft integrated development environment (visual studio). Through its experimental platform, the straight path tracking and curved path tracking experiments were carried out on the cement pavement and the southern paddy field environment, respectively. The results showed that at the speed of 0.5 m/s, the field management machine had a path tracking error of 6.92 cm on the cement pavement, and its standard deviation was 4.84 cm; while the mean value of the path tracking error of the fixed curvature curve was 12.49 cm, and its standard deviation was 9.16 cm. At the speed of 0.2 m/s, on the southern paddy field, the mean value of the path tracking error was 2.25 cm, and its standard deviation was 1.35 cm; while the mean tracking error of the fixed curvature curve was 8.72 cm, and its standard deviation was 5.59 cm. The above results indicate that the path tracking algorithm proposed in this study can meet the needs of field management machines and field operations, and provide a basis for automatic driving of agricultural machinery.