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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)  2017, Vol. 43 Issue (3): 307-316    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2016.11.041
园艺学     
野生郁金香种子无菌萌发及小鳞茎形成
李岳1, 吴昀1, ELMONGY Mohamed1,2, 吕学思1, 任梓铭1, 孙敏译1, 夏宜平1*
1.浙江大学农业与生物技术学院园艺系，杭州 310058；2.曼苏尔大学农学院园艺系，曼苏尔 35516，埃及
Aseptic germination and bulblet formation of wild tulip (Tulipa sinkiangensi)
LI Yue1, WU Yun1, ELMONGY Mohamed1,2, LÜ Xuesi1, REN Ziming1, SUN Minyi1, XIA Yiping1*
(1. Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; 2. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516，Egypt)
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摘要： 以野生新疆郁金香（Tulipa sinkiangensi）种子为材料，比较了不同消毒方式、是否剥皮、赤霉素预处理质量浓度、基本培养基、培养温度对种子无菌萌发及鳞茎形成的影响。无菌播种试验结果表明：75%乙醇处理30 s结合2%次氯酸钠消毒10 min是种子的最佳消毒方式，污染率为0%；未剥去种皮的种子在4 ℃下发芽率较高，而剥去种皮后在25 ℃下发芽率较高。4 ℃有利于打破种子休眠，而25 ℃更适宜种子萌发和生长，结合采用600 mg/L赤霉素预处理24 h，1/2MS为基本培养基，是新疆郁金香种子无菌萌发的最佳条件，在此条件下发芽率达96.7%，且芽生长势强。试验还发现：剥皮处理不会显著提高萌发率，但可显著缩短种子萌发时间，使芽生长更健壮，且约有80%以上能形成离体小鳞茎，成球率显著高于土壤播种试验；不剥皮会导致萌发的芽细长柔弱，逐渐死亡或生长畸形，且不能形成离体小鳞茎。本试验建立的新疆郁金香无菌播种和鳞茎形成体系，为野生郁金香的离体资源保存和实现我国野生郁金香资源的保护及利用提供了理论依据。
Abstract: Wild tulips in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region are unique and elite germplasm resources, which are widely distributed in China. It is of great necessity to protect, develop, and fully utilize those valuable materials for species diversity and breeding regimes mainly due to the destruction of primitive habitat. These wild species are often characterized numerous outstanding horticultural traits (e.g., resistance and ornamental values) with great potential in breeding. Due to changeable climatic conditions, as well as the influence of diseases, it still has many problems in overcoming the degeneration of bulbs throughout the hot summer in some regions like Zhejiang Province. Tissue culture is an effective alternative method to preserve germplasm resources compared with the conventional ways. However, the survival rate of plantlets after transplanting is much higher than the bulblets formed in vitro. Therefore, tulip bulblets in vitro obtained through the sterile sowing technology are easier to achieve the successful conservation and propagation of wild tulip under non-primitive habitat. It is of great importance for the preservation and utilization of wild tulips with excellent traits in China.
The study aims to screen out the optimal conditions for the seed germination of Tulipa sinkiangensi native to Xinjiang, including sterilization method (ethanol, 2% NaClO or 0.1% HgCl2), peeling or not, gibberellin (GA3) pretreatment concentration (0, 300, 600 mg/L), basal medium (MS, 1/2MS) and culture temperature (4 ℃, 25 ℃).
The results showed that 75% ethanol treatment for 30 seconds and 2% sodium hypochlorite for 10 minutes were the best sterilization method for tulip seeds, with the contamination rate of 0%. The germination rate was higher at 4 ℃ without peeling off the seed coat, while it was higher at 25 ℃ with peeling off seed coat. Four degrees celsius was necessary for breaking dormancy, whereas 25 ℃ was more suitable for seed germination and growth. The optimal conditions for seed germination of wild tulips were pretreatment with 600 mg/L GA3 for 24 hours before sowing, and 1/2MS basal medium at 25 ℃. Under these conditions, the germination rate of wild tulips reached 96.67% with strong growth potential. We also found that peeling off the seed coat could not significantly increase the germination rate, but could significantly shorten the seed germination time, resulting in more robust shoot growth. Eventually, about more than 80% sprouted seeds formed small bulblets in vitro, while the seeds without peeling off the seed coat failed. Meanwhile, the formation rate of the bulblets in the aseptic sowing was significantly higher than that in the soil sowing.
This study provides an experimental basis for in vitro conservation of wild tulips and helps to enhance the protection and utilization of wild tulip resources in China.
收稿日期: 2016-11-04 出版日期: 2016-11-21
CLC:  S 682.2  
基金资助: 浙江省自然科学基金“换锦花小鳞茎发生方式比较及调控路径研究”（LY17C150002）
通讯作者: 夏宜平(http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1335-2593)     E-mail: ypxia@zju.edu.cn
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引用本文:

李岳, 吴昀, ELMONGY Mohamed, 吕学思, 任梓铭, 孙敏译, 夏宜平. 野生郁金香种子无菌萌发及小鳞茎形成[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2017, 43(3): 307-316.

LI Yue 1, WU Yun, ELMONGY Mohamed, Lü Xuesi, REN Ziming, SUN Minyi, XIA Yiping. Aseptic germination and bulblet formation of wild tulip (Tulipa sinkiangensi). Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2017, 43(3): 307-316.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2016.11.041    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2017/V43/I3/307

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