Multi-objective optimization of air-to-ground energy conversion mechanism gearbox for high-altitude wind power system based on macro-parameter optimization and micro-geometric modification

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2026.05.226

Chinese Journal of Engineering Design

2026, Vol. 33

Issue (1): 95-105 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2026.05.226

Optimization Design

Multi-objective optimization of air-to-ground energy conversion mechanism gearbox for high-altitude wind power system based on macro-parameter optimization and micro-geometric modification

Dong LIANG,Xu WANG,Chao WANG,Hanjie JIA,Xiangyang XU

School of Mechatronics and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China

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Abstract

High-altitude wind power exhibits significant potential for large-scale exploitation. The gearbox, as a critical component of the land-based umbrella ladder type high-altitude wind power air-to-ground energy conversion device, has transmission stability and transmission efficiency as its critical performance indicators. An optimization method combining macro-parameter optimization and micro-geometric modification was proposed. In terms of macro-parameter optimization, based on NSGA-II (non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II), with transmission reliability and efficiency as the optimization goals, the design parameters of the gearbox were optimized for multiple objectives. Based on the optimized parameters, the transmission reliability and efficiency of the gearbox were analyzed using the Romax software. The results showed that both the transmission reliability and efficiency of the gearbox were improved after optimization. Furthermore, in response to uneven load distribution and edge loading on gear tooth flanks, a comprehensive modification strategy combining tooth profile modification and helix modification was proposed to optimize the gearbox at the microscopic level. After the comprehensive optimization of macro-parameter optimization and micro-geometric modification, the reliability of the gearbox increased from 96.353% to 99.473% and the transmission efficiency increased from 97.62% to 99.10% after 10 years of operation. This study provides theoretical support and technical reference for high-efficiency operation of the land-based umbrella ladder type high-altitude wind power air-to-ground energy conversion mechanism, and lays a solid foundation for the subsequent engineering application and operation.

Key words： high-altitude wind power macro-parameter optimization micro-geometric modification reliability transmission efficiency

Received: 27 October 2025 Published: 01 March 2026

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Cite this article:

Dong LIANG,Xu WANG,Chao WANG,Hanjie JIA,Xiangyang XU. Multi-objective optimization of air-to-ground energy conversion mechanism gearbox for high-altitude wind power system based on macro-parameter optimization and micro-geometric modification. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2026, 33(1): 95-105.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2026.05.226 OR https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/Y2026/V33/I1/95

基于宏观参数优化与微观修形的高空风力发电空-地能量转换装置齿轮箱多目标优化

高空风能大规模开发利用的潜力巨大。齿轮箱作为陆基伞梯式高空风力发电空-地能量转换装置的关键组件，传动稳定性和传动效率是其关键性能指标。提出了一种宏观参数优化与微观修形相结合的优化方法。在宏观参数优化上，基于NSGA-Ⅱ（non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II，非支配排序遗传算法-II），以传动可靠性及传动效率为优化目标，对齿轮箱的设计参数进行多目标优化，并基于优化后的参数通过Romax软件进行齿轮箱传动可靠性及效率分析，结果显示，参数优化后齿轮箱传动可靠性及效率都得到了提升；进一步地，针对齿轮箱存在的齿面载荷分布不均、偏载等情况，提出了结合齿廓修形和螺旋线修形的综合修形方法，在微观层面对齿轮箱进行优化。宏观参数优化与微观修形综合优化后，齿轮箱运行10 a后可靠度从96.353%提升至99.473%，传动效率从97.62%提升至99.10%。研究结果为陆基伞梯式高空风力发电空-地能量转换装置的高效运行提供了理论支撑和技术参考，为其后续工程化应用与运行奠定了良好基础。

关键词： 高空风力发电, 宏观参数优化, 微观修形, 可靠性, 传动效率

Fig.1 Composition of land-based umbrella ladder type high-altitude wind power system

Fig.2 Wind power gearbox model

Fig.3 Damage rate of wind power gearbox assembly

Fig.4 Failure rate of wind power gearbox after 10 a of operation

Fig.5 Transmission efficiency map of wind power gearbox

Table 1 Optimization design parameters of second-stage planetary gear train

Fig.6 Damage rate of wind power gearbox assembly after macro-parameter optimization

Fig.7 Failure rate of wind power gearbox after macro-parameter optimization

Fig.8 Transmission efficiency map of wind power gearbox after macro-parameter optimization

Fig.9 Gear unit length load distribution map of first-stage planetary gear train before modification

Fig.10 Gear unit length load distribution map of second-stage planetary gear train before modification

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of parabolic tooth profile modification

Fig.12 Schematic diagram of involute tooth profile helical modification

Table 2 Range of tooth profile modification parameters

Table 3 Range of helical modification parameters

Table 4 Composite modification magnitude

Fig.13 Gear unit length load distribution map of first-stage planetary gear train after modification

Fig.14 Gear unit length load distribution map of second-stage planetary gear train after modification

Fig.15 Damage rate of wind power gearbox assembly after micro-geometric modification

Fig.16 Failure rate of wind power gearbox after micro-geometric modification

Fig.17 Transmission efficiency map of wind power gearbox after comprehensive optimization

Fig.18 Power loss of wind power gearbox after comprehensive optimization

Fig.19 Dynamic fatigue reliability of wind power gearbox after comprehensive optimization

Table 5 Comparison of reliability of wind power gearbox before and after optimization


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