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工程设计学报
Chinese Journal of Engineering Design  2026, Vol. 33 Issue (3): 435-445    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2026.05.215
Optimization Design     
Design and dynamic performance optimization of novel differential planetary reducer
Zichun WANG1(),Songlei WANG2,Hui HE3,Qisong QI1
1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
2.Wuxi Branch of Jiangsu Provincial Special Equipment Safety Supervision and Inspection Institute, Wuxi 214174, China
3.Shandong Shenzhou Machinery Co. , Ltd. , Tai'an 271208, China
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Abstract  

Aiming at the technical bottlenecks of geometric dimension redundancy and insufficient transmission ratio in traditional planetary reducers under high-speed and heavy-load conditions, an innovative design scheme for a differential planetary reducer is proposed, and its dynamics research is conducted. Firstly, the innovative characteristics of the differential planetary reducer were systematically elaborated, and its overall structural design was completed. On this basis, the multi-body dynamics modeling was performed using the ADAMS software, and virtual simulation experiments were employed to verify the feasibility of the reducer's transmission principle. Then, vibration tests were carried out to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the reducer. The test results demonstrated that the reducer exhibited a small vibration amplitude and excellent dynamic performance. Finally, the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm was adopted to optimize the key parameters of the reducer gear transmission system. The optimized reducer achieved a significant improvement in comprehensive performance: the total mass was reduced by 4.2%, the root mean square of vibration acceleration was decreased by 23.4%, and the transmission efficiency was enhanced. Compared with the traditional planetary reducer, the novel differential planetary reducer possesses distinct advantages such as a larger transmission ratio and a more compact structure, which can provide a novel design approach for solving the engineering problem of insufficient torque in the transmission system of mechanical equipment under high-speed operating conditions.

Key words： differential planetary reducer      large transmission ratio      multi-body dynamics      vibration response      multi-objective optimization     
Received: 09 October 2025      Published: 27 June 2026
CLC:  TH 122  
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Zichun WANG
Songlei WANG
Hui HE
Qisong QI
Cite this article:

Zichun WANG,Songlei WANG,Hui HE,Qisong QI. Design and dynamic performance optimization of novel differential planetary reducer. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2026, 33(3): 435-445.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2026.05.215     OR     https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/Y2026/V33/I3/435


新型差速行星减速器设计与动态性能优化

针对高速重载工况下传统行星减速器存在几何尺寸冗余、传动比偏小的技术瓶颈，创新性地提出了差速行星减速器的设计方案，并对其开展动力学研究。首先，系统阐述差速行星减速器的创新特征，完成了其整体结构设计。在此基础上，利用ADAMS软件进行多体动力学建模，借助虚拟仿真实验验证了减速器传动原理的可行性。然后，通过振动试验对减速器的动态特性进行了测试。测试结果表明，该减速器的振动幅值较小，动态性能良好。最后，采用多目标粒子群优化算法对减速器齿轮传动系统的关键参数进行了优化。优化后该减速器的综合性能显著提升：总质量减小了4.2%，振动加速度均方根降低了23.4%，传动效率有所提升。相较于传统行星减速器，新型差速行星减速器具有传动比大、结构紧凑等显著优势，可为解决高转速工况下机械装备传动系统转矩不足的工程难题提供一种新的设计思路。


关键词： 差速行星减速器,  大传动比,  多体动力学,  振动响应,  多目标优化 
Fig.1 Structure diagram of traditional planetary reducer and differential planetary reducer
Fig.2 Explosion view of differential planetary reducer
名称符号齿数名称符号齿数
齿轮1Z124齿轮4Z424
齿轮2Z233齿轮5Z532
齿轮3Z390齿轮6Z688
Table 1 Gear tooth number arrangement for differential planetary reducer
构件约束关系
输入端行星架与大地固定副
齿轮1与大地转动副
齿轮2与输入端行星架转动副
齿轮3与大地转动副
齿轮6与齿轮3固定副
输出端行星架与大地转动副
齿轮5与输出端行星架转动副
Table 2 Constraint setting for each component of differential planetary reducer
齿轮材料弹性模量/MPa泊松比

密度/

(kg/m3)

齿轮1、420CrMnTi2060.307 850
齿轮2、542CrMo2010.297 810
齿轮3、638CrMoAl2100.907 850
Table 3 Material setting for each gear of differential planetary reducer
Fig.3 Multi-body dynamics simulation model of differential planetary reducer
Fig.4 Angular velocity curve of input shaft
Fig.5 Angular velocity curve of output planet carrier
对比项

输入角速度/

[(°)/s]

输出角速度/

[(°)/s]

传动比
相对误差/%01.71.7
理论值15 00071.4210.0
仿真值15 00070.2213.7
Table 4 Comparison of theoretical and simulated values of transmission ratio of differential planetary reducer
Fig.6 Time-domain and spectrum diagrams of meshing force between planetary gear and ring gear (ni=1 000 r/min)
Fig.7 Time-domain and spectrum diagrams of meshing force between planetary gear and ring gear (ni=1 500 r/min)
Fig.8 Time-domain and spectrum diagrams of meshing force between planetary gear and ring gear (ni=2 000 r/min)
Fig.9 Vibration test bench for differential planetary reducer
Fig.10 Measurement point position of vibration acceleration sensors
Fig.11 X-direction vibration response of measurement point 1
Fig.12 Y-direction vibration response of measurement point 1
Fig.13 Z-direction vibration response of measurement point 1
Fig.14 Optimization process of multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm
对比项齿数齿宽
z1z2z3z4z5z6b1b2
优化前2433902432884949
优化后2335932133874950
Table 5 Comparison of design parameters of differential planetary reducer before and after optimization
 
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