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工程设计学报  2026, Vol. 33 Issue (2): 285-301    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2026.05.196
可靠性与保质设计     
基于ANSYS/LS-DYNARocky DEM联合仿真的高速公路清雪铲除雪性能分析
孔诚琳1(),赵明1,杜佳楠1,郭扬程1,樊锐1,吴洪山2,刘向东1()
1.佳木斯大学 机械工程学院,黑龙江 佳木斯 154000
2.佳木斯山友机械科技有限公司,黑龙江 佳木斯 154000
Analysis of snow removal performance for highway snow plow blade based on co-simulation of ANSYS/LS-DYNA and Rocky DEM
Chenglin KONG1(),Ming ZHAO1,Jia'nan DU1,Yangcheng GUO1,Rui FAN1,Hongshan WU2,Xiangdong LIU1()
1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
2.Jiamusi Shanyou Machinery Technology Co. , Ltd. , Jiamusi 154000, China
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摘要:

针对现有高速公路清雪设备除雪效率低、作业时速慢及无法将积雪抛离至护栏外等问题,建立了清雪铲高速除雪作业的理论模型,并基于显式动力学和离散单元法对其作业过程中的工作参数进行了优化分析。首先,利用SolidWorks软件建立了简化的清雪铲除雪模型,并分别利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA和Rocky DEM软件进行了显式动力学仿真和离散元仿真,模拟清雪铲对积雪的破碎和抛移过程,得到了积雪的等效应力、抛雪高度及抛雪位移。随后,通过MATLAB软件对理论分析结果和仿真结果进行拟合并转化为可视化结果,得到了清雪铲除雪时的切削角、行进角和行进速度的最优区间。仿真结果表明,清雪铲的最优切削角区间为35°~36°,最优行进角区间为51°~52°,最优行进速度区间为28~29 m/s,其在该条件下模拟作业时的最小抛雪高度为1.360 m,最小抛雪位移为11.700 m,较优化前分别提高了0.160 m和1.490 m,达到了清雪铲抛雪的行业标准。最后,利用Design-Expert软件对清雪铲除雪试验数据进行了响应面拟合,观察到切削角、行进角和行进速度间的两两交互作用均显著。为了得到更优的除雪效果,选择切削角为36°、行进角为52°、行进速度为28.5 m/s的参数组合开展除雪试验。试验结果显示,清雪铲的抛雪高度为1.450 m,抛雪位移为12.600 m,满足高速公路除雪作业的要求,验证了理论分析结果和仿真结果的可靠性。研究结果为高速公路清雪铲的结构参数优化设计提供了参考。

关键词: 清雪铲显式动力学离散单元法联合仿真响应面法    
Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of low snow removal efficiency, slow operating speed and inability to throw snow beyond guardrails of the existing highway snow removal equipment, a theoretical model of the high-speed snow removal operation for the snow plow blade is established, and the working parameters during the operation are optimized and analyzed based on the explicit dynamics and discrete element method. Firstly, a simplified snow removal model of the snow plow blade was built using SolidWorks software, and explicit dynamics simulation and discrete element simulation were carried out by ANSYS/LS-DYNA and Rocky DEM softwares to simulate the crushing and throwing of snow by the snow plow blade. The equivalent stress, throwing height and throwing displacement of the snow were obtained. Subsequently, the theoretical analysis and simulation results were fitted and converted into visualized results by MATLAB software, from which the optimal ranges of cutting angle, travel angle and travel speed of the snow plow blade when removing snow were obtained. The simulation results showed that the optimal cutting angle range of the snow plow blade was 35°-36°, the optimal travel angle range was 51°-52° and the optimal travel speed range was 28-29 m/s. Simulated operations under these conditions yielded a minimum snow throwing height of 1.360 m and a minimum snow throwing displacement of 11.700 m, which were 0.160 m and 1.490 m higher than the pre-optimization values, respectively, meeting the industry standards for snow throwing of the snow plow blade. Finally, the response surfaces were obtained by fitting the snow removal test data of the snow plow blade with Design-Expert software, and it was observed that the pairwise interactions among the cutting angle, travel angle and travel speed were significant. To achieve better snow removal effect, a parameter combination of cutting angle of 36°, travel angle of 52° and travel speed of 28.5 m/s was selected for the snow removal test. The test results showed that the snow throwing height of the snow plow blade was 1.450 m and the snow throwing displacement was 12.600 m, which met the requirements of highway snow removal and verified the reliability of the theoretical analysis and simulation results. The research results provide a reference for the optimization design of the structural parameters of highway snow plow blades.

Key words: snow plow blade    explicit dynamics    discrete element method    co-simulation    response surface methodology
收稿日期: 2025-09-20 出版日期: 2026-04-28
CLC:  TH 128  
基金资助: 佳木斯大学重点研发计划项目(SZDYF202303);黑龙江省科研业务费项目(2021-KYYWF-0559)
通讯作者: 刘向东     E-mail: 2670920253@qq.com;2607635711@qq.com
作者简介: 孔诚琳(1998—),男,硕士生,从事清雪技术及装备研究,E-mail: 2670920253@qq.com,https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3049-7029
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引用本文:

孔诚琳,赵明,杜佳楠,郭扬程,樊锐,吴洪山,刘向东. 基于ANSYS/LS-DYNARocky DEM联合仿真的高速公路清雪铲除雪性能分析[J]. 工程设计学报, 2026, 33(2): 285-301.

Chenglin KONG,Ming ZHAO,Jia'nan DU,Yangcheng GUO,Rui FAN,Hongshan WU,Xiangdong LIU. Analysis of snow removal performance for highway snow plow blade based on co-simulation of ANSYS/LS-DYNA and Rocky DEM[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2026, 33(2): 285-301.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2026.05.196        https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2026/V33/I2/285

图1  高速公路清雪铲结构示意图1—路面;2—铲刃;3—铲体;4—积雪;5—清雪铲方通;6—加强筋;7—铲体焊接板;8—积雪挡板;9—焊接板;10—连接架方通;11—连接杆;12—右连接板;13—左连接板;14—中间连接板;15—三点悬挂装置安装底座。
参数数值
密度/(kg/m3)7 850
杨氏模量/GPa200
泊松比0.3
体积模量/GPa166.67
剪切模量/GPa76.923
表1  结构钢材料参数
参数数值
密度/(kg/m3)2 400
杨氏模量/GPa1.5
泊松比0.35
体积模量/GPa1.67
剪切模量/GPa0.556
表2  沥青混凝土材料参数
参数数值
密度/(kg/m3)300
杨氏模量/GPa10
泊松比0.3
抗压强度/MPa0.1
剪切强度/MPa0.03
表3  积雪模型材料参数
参数数值
铲体长度3 500
直面板高度1 500
铲板厚度100
曲面板大端半径500
曲面板小端半径250
表4  清雪铲结构参数 (mm)
图2  清雪铲三维模型
图3  清雪铲简化模型
图4  清雪铲除雪模型网格划分
约束清雪铲路面
X/mm00
Y/mm00
Z/mm400、800、1 200、1 6000
θX /(°)00
θY /(°)00
θZ /(°)00
表5  不同切削角下清雪铲与路面的约束设置
图5  不同切削角下的清雪铲除雪仿真模型
约束清雪铲路面
X/mm00
Y/mm00
Z/mm1 000、2 000、3 000、4 0000
θX /(°)00
θY /(°)00
θZ /(°)00
表6  不同行进角下清雪铲与路面的约束设置
图6  不同行进角下的清雪铲除雪仿真模型(切削角为35.9°)
约束清雪铲路面
行进速度为27.5 m/s行进速度为28.5 m/s行进速度为29.5 m/s
X/mm0000
Y/mm0000
Z/mm1 100、2 200、3 300、4 4001 140、2 280、3 420、4 5601 180、2 360、3 540、4 7200
θX /(°)0000
θY /(°)0000
θZ /(°)0000
表7  不同行进速度下清雪铲与路面的约束设置
图7  不同行进速度下的清雪铲除雪仿真模型(切削角为35.9°,行进角为51.9°)
图8  不同切削角下积雪的剪切应力曲线
图9  不同切削角下积雪的等效应力云图
图10  不同行进角下积雪的剪切应力曲线(切削角为35.9°)
图11  不同行进角下积雪的等效应力云图(切削角为35.9°)
图12  不同行进速度下积雪的剪切应力曲线(切削角为35.9°,行进角为51.9°)
图13  不同行进速度下积雪的等效应力云图(切削角为35.9°,行进角为51.9°)
图14  用于离散元仿真的清雪铲除雪模型
图15  积雪颗粒填充效果
约束行进速度/(m/s)
28.028.529.0
X/mm1 120、2 240、3 360、4 4801 140、2 280、3 420、4 5601 160、2 320、3 480、4 640
Y/mm000
Z/mm000
θX /(°)000
θY /(°)000
θZ /(°)000
表8  不同行进速度下清雪铲的约束设置
图16  不同行进速度下的抛雪高度和抛雪位移
图17  不同行进速度下的积雪颗粒分布云图(切削角为35.9°,行进角为51.9°)
图18  抛雪高度与抛雪位移的拟合曲线
图19  清雪铲除雪试验装置
序号切削角A/(°)行进角B/(°)行进速度C/(m/s)抛雪高度S1/m抛雪位移S2/m
1355229.01.41512.225
2375128.51.41512.225
3355228.01.41512.225
4355128.51.41512.225
5365228.51.45012.600
6365228.51.45012.600
7365228.51.45012.600
8365128.01.45012.600
9365228.51.45012.600
10365228.51.45012.600
11365328.01.45012.600
12375229.01.41512.225
13375328.51.41512.225
14365329.01.45012.600
15365129.01.41512.225
16375228.01.38011.850
17355328.51.38011.850
表9  响应面试验设计方案与结果
图20  清雪铲作业参数对抛雪性能的影响
  
  
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