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工程设计学报  2025, Vol. 32 Issue (3): 316-325    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2025.05.127
机器人与机构设计     
介电弹性体驱动的爬行-跳跃机器人研究
潘锋1(),阮佳平2,唐威2(),邹俊2
1.浙江舜宇智能光学技术有限公司,浙江 杭州 310051
2.浙江大学 流体动力基础件与机电系统全国重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310058
Research on crawling-jumping robot driven by dielectric elastomers
Feng PAN1(),Jiaping RUAN2,Wei TANG2(),Jun ZOU2
1.Zhejiang Sunny Optical Intelligence Technology Co. , Ltd. , Hangzhou 310051, China
2.State Key Laboratory of Fundamental Components of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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摘要:

具备爬行与跳跃功能的机器人比只能单一运动的机器人更能适应复杂环境,同时其柔性驱动器具有驱动变形大、结构简单等优势。基于介电弹性体的柔性驱动方式,设计了一种爬行-跳跃软体机器人。首先,设计了一种双稳态介电弹性体执行器,其由介电弹性体膜、柔性电极、加强筋和柔性框架构成,具有横向和纵向两个双稳态,并通过分析和试验确定了其尺寸参数;其次,采用VHB4910介电弹性体膜制作了双稳态介电弹性体执行器,研究了薄膜预拉伸率对执行器动态响应的影响规律,并测试了其输出力矩,验证了采用该执行器可实现机器人跳跃;接着,基于介电弹性体执行器,设计了爬行-跳跃机器人,其由爬行模块和跳跃模块组成,可实现直行、转弯和跳跃等动作;最后,制作了爬行-跳跃机器人实物并进行了测试。测试结果表明:机器人最大运动速度为10 cm/s,相当于每秒行进1.25个身长;最大转弯速度为12(°)/s;跳跃高度约为5 mm,跳跃距离约为3 cm。研究结果为爬行-跳跃软体机器的结构设计和驱动提供了新方案。

关键词: 柔性驱动介电弹性体双稳态柔性执行器软体机器人    
Abstract:

Robots capable of both crawling and jumping demonstrate superior adaptability to complex environments compared to those with a single movement mode. Additionally, their soft actuators offer significant advantages such as large deformation and simple structure. Based on the soft actuation method of dielectric elastomer, a crawling-jumping soft robot was designed. Firstly, a bi-stable dielectric elastomer actuator was designed, consisting of a dielectric elastomer membrane, soft electrodes, reinforcing ribs, and a flexible frame. The actuator exhibited bi-stable states in both transverse and longitudinal directions. Through analysis and experiments, the size parameters of the actuator were determined. Secondly, a bi-stable dielectric elastic actuator was fabricated using VHB4910 dielectric elastic membrane. The influence law of pre-stretching rate of membrane on the dynamic response of actuator was studied, and its output torque was tested. The results confirmed that the actuator could enable the robot to jump. Then, based on the dielectric elastomer actuator, a crawling-jumping robot was designed, comprising a crawling module and a jumping module. The robot was capable of moving straight, turning and jumping. Finally, a prototype of crawling-jumping robot was fabricated and tested. The test results showed that the robot achieved a maximum movement speed of 10 cm/s (equivalent to traveling 1.25 body lengths per second), a maximum turning speed of 12(°)/s, a jumping height of approximately 5 mm, and a jumping distance of approximately 3 cm. These findings provide a novel scheme for structural design and actuation of crawling-jumping soft robots.

Key words: soft actuation    dielectric elastomer    bi-stable state    soft actuator    soft robot
收稿日期: 2025-04-02 出版日期: 2025-07-02
CLC:  TH 122  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52305074);浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LZYQ25E050001)
通讯作者: 唐威     E-mail: fpan@sunnyoptical.com;weitang@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 潘 锋(1976—),男,高级工程师,博士,从事智能机器及视觉技术等研究,E-mail: fpan@sunnyoptical.com
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引用本文:

潘锋,阮佳平,唐威,邹俊. 介电弹性体驱动的爬行-跳跃机器人研究[J]. 工程设计学报, 2025, 32(3): 316-325.

Feng PAN,Jiaping RUAN,Wei TANG,Jun ZOU. Research on crawling-jumping robot driven by dielectric elastomers[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2025, 32(3): 316-325.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2025.05.127        https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2025/V32/I3/316

图1  双稳态介电弹性体执行器结构
图2  执行器2种稳态变形
图3  介电弹性体驱动原理
图4  执行器稳态切换过程
图5  执行器能量变化过程
图6  执行器尺寸参数示意
参数数值
d0.188
w5
l10
r15
q8
L88
W48
s15
s25
u18
p1
表1  执行器尺寸参数值 (mm)
图7  执行器制作流程
图8  介电弹性体膜预拉伸率对执行器稳态2下弯曲角度的影响
图9  介电弹性体膜预拉伸率对执行器稳态1下弯曲角度的影响
执行器εxεy
执行器1400500
执行器2500400
执行器3400400
执行器4500500
表2  4种执行器介电弹性体膜的预拉伸率 (%)
图10  执行器稳态1下的动态响应曲线
图11  执行器稳态2下的动态响应曲线
图12  执行器输出力矩测试装置
图13  执行器测试过程中的力学分析
图14  施加力变化曲线
图15  执行器末端与地面夹角变化曲线
图16  执行器输出力矩
图17  爬行模块
图18  爬行模块运动过程示意
图19  跳跃模块
图20  跳跃模块运动过程示意
图21  爬行-跳跃机器人整体结构
图22  爬行-跳跃机器人实物
图23  机器人爬行时序图
图24  机器人爬行速度测试结果
图25  机器人转弯时序图
图26  机器人转弯速度测试结果
图27  机器人跳跃时序图
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