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工程设计学报  2026, Vol. 33 Issue (1): 106-116    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2026.05.181
优化设计     
基于MOPSOBFRP/铝混合防撞装置多目标优化设计
李有通1(),李沁逸1,刘前结2(),陈益庆1,张春林1,3,李浩1
1.广安职业技术学院 智能制造与汽车工程学院,四川 广安 638000
2.华东交通大学 机电与车辆工程学院,江西 南昌 330013
3.重庆大学 机械与运载工程学院,重庆 400030
Multi-objective optimization design for BFRP/Al hybrid crashworthy device using MOPSO
Youtong LI1(),Qinyi LI1,Qianjie LIU2(),Yiqing CHEN1,Chunlin ZHANG1,3,Hao LI1
1.School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Automotive Engineering, Guang'an Vocational & Technical College, Guang'an 638000, China
2.School of Mechatronics and Vehicle Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
3.College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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摘要:

玄武岩纤维增强复合材料(basalt fiber-reinforced polymer, BFRP)具有优异的力学性能和可熔融再生特性,在汽车轻量化领域的应用前景广阔。针对某车型的铝制防撞装置,开展BFRP/铝混合防撞装置的多目标优化设计。首先,对BFRP层合板开展力学性能测试,并利用HyperMesh软件建立防撞装置有限元模型;其次,采用拉丁超立方抽样生成代理模型的训练样本,结合敏感度分析识别关键设计参数,并通过基于加权欧式距离的空间填充采样法来提升代理模型对响应指标的预测精度;最后,以防撞装置峰值载荷、总质量及横梁最大位移最小为优化目标,运用MOPSO(multi-objective particle swarm optimization,多目标粒子群优化)算法求解Pareto前沿,并基于熵权- TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,逼近理想解排序法)确定最优设计参数组合。结果显示:优化后防撞装置的峰值载荷降低了36.15%,总质量减小了12.23%,显著提升了耐撞性能并实现了轻量化目标。所提出的方法可为BFRP/铝混合防撞装置的轻量化设计提供一套系统性的解决方案。

关键词: 玄武岩纤维增强复合材料混合防撞装置敏感度分析多目标粒子群优化耐撞性    
Abstract:

Basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) has excellent mechanical properties and melt-recyclability, with broad application prospects in automotive lightweight field. For the aluminum crashworthy device of a certain vehicle, a multi-objective optimization design of BFRP/Al hybrid crashworthy device is carried out. Firstly, mechanical tests were conducted on BFRP laminates, and a finite element model of the crashworthy device was established using HyperMesh software. Subsequently, training samples for the surrogate model were generated via Latin hypercube sampling. Key design parameters were identified through sensitivity analysis, and the prediction accuracy of the surrogate model for response indicators was enhanced by a space-filling sampling method based on the weighted Euclidean distance. Finally, with the objectives of minimizing peak load, total mass and maximum crossbeam displacement of the crashworthy device, the MOPSO (multi-objective particle swarm optimization) algorithm was employed to obtain the Pareto frontier, and the optimal design parameter combination was determined based on the entropy weight-TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution) method. The results demonstrated that the optimized crashworthy device achieved reductions of 36.15% in peak load and 12.23% in total mass, exhibiting significantly improved crashworthiness while meeting the lightweight target. The proposed method can provide a systematic solution for the lightweight design of BFRP/Al hybrid crashworthy devices.

Key words: basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP)    hybrid crashworthy device    sensitivity analysis    multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO)    crashworthiness
收稿日期: 2025-08-14 出版日期: 2026-03-01
CLC:  U 465.6  
基金资助: 2023年四川省科技计划项目(23MZGC0177);江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20242BAB20249)
通讯作者: 刘前结     E-mail: 859135985@qq.com;734831871@qq.com
作者简介: 李有通(1986—),男,副教授,硕士,从事碰撞安全与轻量化设计研究,E-mail: 859135985@qq.com,https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2561-4437
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引用本文:

李有通,李沁逸,刘前结,陈益庆,张春林,李浩. 基于MOPSOBFRP/铝混合防撞装置多目标优化设计[J]. 工程设计学报, 2026, 33(1): 106-116.

Youtong LI,Qinyi LI,Qianjie LIU,Yiqing CHEN,Chunlin ZHANG,Hao LI. Multi-objective optimization design for BFRP/Al hybrid crashworthy device using MOPSO[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2026, 33(1): 106-116.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2026.05.181        https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2026/V33/I1/106

图1  试验样件和测试装置
图2  1#试验样件的拉伸/压缩应力—应变曲线
参数BFRP6082-T6铝合金
弹性模量/MPa

横向:13 100

纵向:13 800

70 000
压缩模量/MPa

横向:12 500

纵向:12 100

剪切模量/MPa13 400
剪切强度/MPa298
屈服强度/MPa278
泊松比0.580.33
密度/(g/cm3)1.9352.700
表1  BFRP与铝合金的材料属性
图3  防撞装置关键部件截面示意及其有限元模型
序号设计变量响应指标
x1/mmx2/mmx3/mmδ/mmP/kNM/kg
11.461.931.8137.1338.674.88
21.872.141.6035.4341.195.14
31.952.402.2230.4547.416.12
42.122.351.0545.9339.825.01
51.331.622.5037.5837.895.08
62.081.780.9846.4930.864.29
71.541.981.1263.1733.264.34
82.031.210.85119.9317.993.41
91.171.101.9548.2129.793.91
102.161.882.0234.6541.645.23
301.211.720.78126.3839.793.59
表2  实验设计方案及求解结果
图4  设计变量的主效应与交互效应
图5  设计变量敏感度分析结果
图6  扩展系数优化曲线
响应指标MBE/%MAE/%RMSE/%R2
训练集测试集训练集测试集训练集测试集训练集测试集
峰值载荷0.663.027.177.869.4511.690.9120.869
总质量0.05-1.100.691.180.831.550.9980.980
横梁最大位移0.208.168.4924.0110.9235.310.9790.896
表3  代理模型误差分析结果
设计变量权重/%
x111.97
x277.63
x310.40
表4  设计变量对应的权重
图7  新增采样点与初始采样点的空间分布
序号设计变量响应指标欧式距离dw /mm
x1/mmx2/mmx3/mmδ/mmP/kNM/kg
11.132.381.3942.2632.794.571.73
22.102.192.2931.2746.845.881.78
31.822.242.4130.6946.986.082.11
41.212.291.0845.2331.784.212.05
51.300.602.32109.9640.334.212.06
251.702.461.1740.6432.794.662.21
表5  新增采样点及求解结果
响应指标MBE/%MAE/%RMSE/%R2
峰值载荷4.3018.307.400.948
总质量2.305.903.100.988
横梁最大位移3.9010.505.600.967
表6  补充采样后代理模型的误差分析结果
图8  代理模型拟合精度检验结果
图9  基于MOPSO的多目标优化流程
图10  防撞装置多目标优化的Pareto前沿
响应指标信息熵差异系数权重
峰值载荷P0.988 30.011 70.199 7
总质量M0.989 40.010 60.180 8
横梁最大位移δ0.963 70.036 30.619 5
表7  响应指标的信息熵与权重
序号

Pareto前沿

P/kN, M/kg, δ/mm)

正向理想解距离负向理想解距离相对贴近度
1(27.46,3.79,45.96)0.164 30.562 60.773 9
2(26.97,3.70,47.32)0.163 30.544 20.769 2
3(26.76,3.74,47.39)0.166 00.543 10.765 9
4(26.97,3.88,56.25)0.172 20.558 20.764 3
178(27.73,3.97,44.86)0.646 90.180 90.218 5
表8  Pareto前沿相对贴近度排序
图11  响应指标的Pareto前沿解与仿真结果对比
图12  优化前后防撞装置的总吸能量曲线对比
图13  优化后防撞装置的应力分布云图( t=0.095 s)
图14  优化前后防撞装置的碰撞性能对比
对比项

峰值载荷/

kN

总质量/kg

横梁最大

位移/mm

变化率/%-36.15-12.2324.87
优化前44.874.2838.39
优化后28.653.7647.94
表9  优化前后防撞装置的响应指标对比
  
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