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工程设计学报  2025, Vol. 32 Issue (1): 112-120    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2025.04.123
可靠性与保质设计     
基于分段位移激励函数的贯穿式故障建模及滚动轴承振动特性分析
罗丫1(),葛可可2,袁晓文2,涂文兵2()
1.华东交通大学 轨道交通基础设施性能监测与保障国家重点实验室,江西 南昌 330013
2.华东交通大学 机电与车辆工程学院,江西 南昌 330013
Through-fault modeling and vibration characteristic analysis of rolling bearing based on piecewise displacement excitation function
Ya LUO1(),Keke GE2,Xiaowen YUAN2,Wenbing TU2()
1.State Key Laboratory of Performance Monitoring and Protecting of Rail Transit Infrastructure, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
2.School of Mechatronic and Vehicle Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
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摘要:

在传统的滚动轴承故障建模中,大多采用半正弦函数来描述位移激励,忽略了故障边缘的刚度弱化效应,导致模型与实际存在偏差。以NU306局部故障轴承为研究对象,考虑故障前后滚道的弹性变形,提出了一种新的分段位移激励函数。采用有限元分析方法确定了函数的系数,并将系数代入滚动轴承动力学模型中,对比分析了不同故障宽度下采用分段位移激励函数与传统半正弦位移激励函数时轴承的振动特性。结果表明:分段位移激励函数更加符合实际情况,所得到的振动信号与实验结果更吻合;基于分段位移激励函数的轴承振动响应曲线比基于传统位移激励函数的平缓。研究结果为深入研究局部故障滚动轴承的振动特性提供了一定的参考。

关键词: 滚动轴承位移激励振动特性    
Abstract:

In the traditional rolling bearing fault modeling, half-sine function is used to describe the displacement excitation, and the stiffness weakening effect at the fault edge is ignored, which leads to the deviation between the model and the reality. Taking NU306 bearing with local faults as the research object, a new piecewise displacement excitation function was proposed considering the elastic deformation of raceway before and after a fault. The coefficients of the function were determined by finite element analysis method and incorporated into the dynamic model of rolling bearing. The vibration characteristics of bearing under different fault widths using piecewise displacement excitation function and traditional half-sine displacement excitation function were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the piecewise displacement excitation function was more in line with the actual situation, and the obtained vibration signals were more consistent with the experimental results. Additionally, the bearing vibration response curve based on the piecewise displacement excitation function was smoother than that based on the traditional displacement excitation function. The research results provide a certain reference for in-depth study of vibration characteristics of rolling bearings with local faults.

Key words: rolling bearing    displacement excitation    vibration characteristics
收稿日期: 2024-03-15 出版日期: 2025-03-04
CLC:  TH 133.3  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52365010);江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ2200603);江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20242BAB25262)
通讯作者: 涂文兵     E-mail: 252026716@qq.com;twb-2001@163.com
作者简介: 罗 丫(1985—),女,工程师,硕士,从事轴承动力学研究,E-mail: 252026716@qq.com
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引用本文:

罗丫,葛可可,袁晓文,涂文兵. 基于分段位移激励函数的贯穿式故障建模及滚动轴承振动特性分析[J]. 工程设计学报, 2025, 32(1): 112-120.

Ya LUO,Keke GE,Xiaowen YUAN,Wenbing TU. Through-fault modeling and vibration characteristic analysis of rolling bearing based on piecewise displacement excitation function[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2025, 32(1): 112-120.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2025.04.123        https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2025/V32/I1/112

图1  传统滚动体过故障产生附加位移示意图
图2  圆柱滚子轴承滚动体与滚道接触等效模型
图3  实际滚动体过故障产生附加位移示意图
几何参数数值
滚动体直径Dr/mm11
轴承节圆直径Dm/mm51.5
轴承内圈滚道直径Di/mm40.5
轴承外圈滚道直径Do/mm62.5
外圈厚度T/mm19
接触角β/(°)0
滚动体数量Z/个12
滚动体与滚道之间的径向间隙ε1/mm0.01
表1  NU306圆柱滚子轴承几何参数
图4  滚动轴承外圈故障有限元模型
材料密度/(kg/m3)弹性模量/GPa泊松比
GCr15钢7 8302060.3
黄铜8 5001050.324
表2  滚动轴承材料参数
图5  滚动体过故障产生的附加位移曲线
故障宽度/mm拟合度
反比例函数拟合(左)半正弦函数拟合反比例函数拟合(右)
0.50.991 00.997 40.994 7
10.986 60.963 90.973 3
20.997 40.991 70.984 8
表3  附加位移曲线拟合度
系数数值
L=0.5 mmL=1 mmL=2 mm
A16.703×10-?61.745×10-?69.553×10-?8
A20.2050.0713.890×10-?2
A3-?2.172×10-?5-?2.450×10-?5-?2.501×10-?6
A43.684×10-?68.800×10-?61.023×10-?5
A51.117×10-?67.100×10-?61.178×10-?5
A63.231×10-?61.745×10-?61.020×10-?7
A7-0.1170.0070.089
A8-?3.276×10-?5-?2.450×10-?5-?2.630×10-?6
表4  分段位移激励函数系数
系数仿真值计算值相对误差/%
A48.800×10-68.76×10-60.45
A57.100×10-67.14×10-60.56
表5  系数 A4 和 A5 仿真值与计算值的对比
图6  圆柱滚子轴承简化模型
图7  不同位移激励下滚动轴承振动特性
时域指标半正弦位移激励分段位移激励

L=

0.5 mm

L=

1 mm

L=

2 mm

L=

0.5 mm

L=

1 mm

L=

2 mm

RMS/g168.1181.4118.5167.5141.391.8
PTP/g775.5771.6771.6775.5826.83841.6
Ku2.11.92.52.12.36.0
表6  不同故障宽度下振动信号的时域指标值
图8  保持架转速仿真值与理论值的对比
图9  滚动轴承振动测试实验台
图10  测试得到的轴承振动信号频谱图
图11  动力学仿真得到的轴承振动信号频谱图
特征频率/Hz数值仿真值相对实验值的误差/%仿真值相对理论值的误差/%
理论值165.15-0.36-0.21
仿真值164.80
实验值165.40
表7  轴承外圈故障特征频率理论值、仿真值与实验值的对比
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