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浙江大学学报(工学版)
Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)  2026, Vol. 60 Issue (1): 169-178    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.01.016
    
Operating mode selection model for heating unit considering capacity charge
Huhang CHEN1(),Quan LV1,*(),Zihang SU1,Junqiao ZHANG2,Zhu CHEN2,Xu HAN2
1. School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
2. Huaneng Dalian Power Plant, Dalian 116113, China
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Abstract  

Heating units can be modified to operate in multiple modes such as high backpressure, extraction-condensing, and pure condensing, which significantly enhances the operational flexibility and economic performance of thermal power plants during the heating season. To select the operating mode of each heating unit in a thermal power plant before the heating season to maximize the overall operational benefits during the heating season, the operating characteristics of heating units under different modes were analyzed. A plant-wide comprehensive benefit comparison model for the heating season considering the capacity revenue, deep peaking market revenue, fuel cost, and the cost of replacing rotors in high backpressure units was constructed, to evaluate and compare the different operating schemes of the plant. A case study of an actual thermal power plant in Northeast China was conducted, where the proposed model was applied to calculate and compare the benefits of two typical operational schemes. The results verify the effectiveness and practicality of the model, demonstrating that the high backpressure mode and the extraction-condensing mode have good complementary characteristics in operation. The selection of the optimal operational mode of heating units heavily depends on the heating load level of the thermal power plant.

Key words： heating unit      operating mode      capacity charge      peak-shaving service      high backpressure unit     
Received: 25 December 2024      Published: 15 December 2025
CLC:  TP 393  
Corresponding Authors: Quan LV     E-mail: 17614289516@163.com;lvquan@dlut.edu.cn
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Huhang CHEN
Quan LV
Zihang SU
Junqiao ZHANG
Zhu CHEN
Xu HAN
Cite this article:

Huhang CHEN,Quan LV,Zihang SU,Junqiao ZHANG,Zhu CHEN,Xu HAN. Operating mode selection model for heating unit considering capacity charge. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2026, 60(1): 169-178.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.01.016     OR     https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2026/V60/I1/169


计及容量电费的供热机组运行模式选择模型

供热机组经过改造后可以在高背压、抽凝、纯凝等多种模式下运行，显著提升热电厂在供暖期的运行灵活性与经济性. 为了在供暖期来临之前选定热电厂内各台供热机组的运行模式，以最大化供暖期的整体运行效益，分析供热机组在不同模式下的运行特性，构建计及容量收益、深度调峰市场收益、燃料成本以及高背压机组更换转子成本的供暖期全厂综合收益比较模型，用于评价与比较不同的热电厂运行方案. 以我国东北地区某实际热电厂为例，应用上述模型对2种典型运行方案进行收益计算与对比分析. 算例结果验证了模型的有效性与实用性，表明高背压模式与抽凝模式在运行中具有良好的互补特性. 机组最优运行模式的选择高度依赖于热电厂的供热负荷水平.


关键词： 供热机组,  运行模式,  容量电费,  调峰服务,  高背压机组 
Fig.1 Electricity-heat relationship of high backpressure units and extraction-condensing mode
Fig.2 Schematic diagram of coordinated heating mode of high backpressure unit and extraction-condensing unit
Fig.3 Schematic diagram of deep peak-shaving capability of thermal power plant under different operating schemes
机组类型a/(t·MW?2·h?1)b/(t·MW?2·h?1)c/(t·h?1)$ \mu _{\text{B}}^j $/%
1#高背压———92
1#纯凝0.000101140.2353211.397—
2#抽凝0.000003650.287526.006—
3#抽凝0.000042030.263068.774—
4#抽凝0.000006740.285246.820—
Tab.1 Economic parameters of units (fixed parameter model)
机组类型$ P_{{\text{e,max}}} /{\text{MW}}$$ P_{{\text{e,min}}}/{\text{MW}} $$ P_{{\text{h,max}}}^{}/{\text{MW}} $$ {c_{\mathrm{v}}} $$ {c_{\mathrm{m}}} $z/MW
1#高背压28070——0.530.04
1#纯凝350100————
2#抽凝3501002000.2180.62?24.4
3#抽凝3501002000.2180.62?24.4
4#抽凝3501002200.2180.62?24.4
Tab.2 Operating parameters of units (fixed parameter model)
Fig.4 Heat load curve of 152-days heating season
Fig.5 Boundary power output of thermal power plant under different operating schemes
Fig.6 Maximum/minimum power output of thermal power plant during heating season under different operating schemes
Fig.7 Maximum power output and declared capacity of thermal power plant under different operating schemes
方案$ P_{{\text{DECL}}}^{{\text{plant}}}/{\mathrm{MW}} $
11月12月1月2月3月
α9511 1661 1781 128983
β1 3011 2721 2691 3021 333
Tab.3 Monthly declared capacity under different operating schemes
方案Rcap/万元
11月12月1月2月3月
α7819901 001865862
β1 0691 0811 0789991 169
Tab.4 Monthly capacity charges under different operating schemes
Fig.8 Minimum electrical load rate of thermal power plant under different operating schemes
方案$ P_{{\text{DDR}}}^{{\text{plant}}} /({\mathrm{MW}} \cdot {\mathrm{h}})$
1档2档3档
α35 36519 8434 911
β39 12321 6763 137
α–β–3 758–1 8331 774
Tab.5 Monthly peak-shaving electricity quantity under different operating schemes
方案机组Qunit/(104 GJ)
11月12月1月2月3月
α1#—104.1100.562.5—
α2#31.29.69.68.724.0
α3#20.86.46.45.816.0
α4#20.86.46.45.816.0
β1#—————
β2#31.254.252.735.524.0
β3#20.836.235.123.716.0
β4#20.836.235.123.716.0
Tab.6 Monthly heat supply quantity borne by each unit under different operating schemes
方案机组Φunit/(kg·GJ?1)
11月12月1月2月3月
α1#—11.611.48.5—
α2#17.117.017.017.017.0
α3#16.816.716.616.716.7
α4#17.417.417.417.417.4
β1#—————
β2#17.117.117.117.117.1
β3#16.816.816.716.816.7
β4#17.417.417.417.417.4
Tab.7 Monthly unit heat supply coal consumption rate of each unit under different operating schemes
方案Rcoal/万元
11月12月1月2月3月
α14911912183910561146
β14912596251716981146
α–β0?684?678?6420
Tab.8 Monthly heating costs under different operating schemes
Fig.9 Differences in costs and benefits of thermal power plant between two operating schemes under different heat load demands
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