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浙江大学学报(工学版)
Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)  2024, Vol. 58 Issue (12): 2556-2566    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2024.12.015
    
Effect of gas reservoir volume on cryogenic loop heat pipes
Chenyang ZHAO1,2(),Nanxi LI1,*(),Junting LI1,2,Zhenhua JIANG1,2,Yinong WU1,2
1. Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200083, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Abstract  

The gas reservoir volume of a cryogenic loop heat pipe (CLHP) is usually 30 to 100 times the total volume of the other components, and its weight accounts for the largest proportion. To realize the lightweight design of CLHPs and improve the utilization rate of satellite payload resources, research was conducted on the mechanism of the influence of gas reservoir volume on the startup and steady-state operating characteristics of CLHPs. A start-up model and a steady-state failure model of CLHPs were established, and theoretical and experimental validation studies were carried out on the influence of gas reservoir volume on key parameters of the condensation temperature, evaporation temperature of the secondary evaporator and heat transfer thermal resistance. Results showed that, by increasing the design value of the evaporation temperature of the secondary evaporator, the CLHP experimental prototype started up smoothly with a gas reservoir volume only 11 times the total volume of the other components. The effect of different gas reservoir volumes on the heat transfer thermal resistance of CLHPs was negligible when the primary heat load was high. When the volume of the primary compensation chamber was certain, the regulating ability of the primary compensation chamber could be enhanced by decreasing the volume of the gas reservoir, thereby expanding the range of primary heat load for stable operation of the CLHPs.

Key words： cryogenic loop heat pipe      startup characteristic      steady state      gas reservoir      compensation chamber     
Received: 30 October 2023      Published: 25 November 2024
CLC:  TK 124  
Fund:  中国科学院率先行动“引才计划”B类人才项目；中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（B类）（XDB35000000，XDB35040102）.
Corresponding Authors: Nanxi LI     E-mail: zhaochenyang@mail.sitp.ac.cn;linanxi@mail.sitp.ac.cn
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Chenyang ZHAO
Nanxi LI
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Yinong WU
Cite this article:

Chenyang ZHAO,Nanxi LI,Junting LI,Zhenhua JIANG,Yinong WU. Effect of gas reservoir volume on cryogenic loop heat pipes. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2024, 58(12): 2556-2566.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2024.12.015     OR     https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2024/V58/I12/2556


气库容积对低温环路热管的影响

低温环路热管（CLHP）的气库容积通常为其余部件总容积的30~100倍，重量占比最大. 为了实现CLHP的轻量化设计，提高卫星载荷资源的利用率，开展气库容积对CLHP启动与稳态工作特性影响的机理研究. 建立CLHP的启动模型和稳态失效模型，开展气库容积对冷凝温度、次蒸发温度和传热热阻等关键参数影响的理论与实验验证研究. 结果表明：通过提高次蒸发温度设计值，CLHP实验样机可在气库容积仅为其余部件总容积的11倍的情况下顺利启动；当主热负荷较高时，不同气库容积对CLHP传热热阻影响较小；当主储液器容积一定时，可通过减小气库容积增强主储液器的调节能力，使CLHP稳定运行的热负荷范围增加.


关键词： 低温环路热管,  启动特性,  稳态,  气库,  储液器 
Fig.1 Schematic diagram of cryogenic loop heat pipe structure
Fig.2 Schematic diagram of start-up phase of cryogenic loop heat pipes
Fig.3 Thermodynamic state diagram
Fig.4 Experimental prototype of cryogenic loop heat pipe
部件结构参数
主/次蒸发器14.0 / 15.5$ \times $80 mm (内径/外径$ \times $长度)
主/次外层毛细芯5×70 / 14×75 mm（内径×内长度/外径×外长度）
1/1×70×12 (槽宽 / 槽深×长×道个数)
2 μm（孔径）0.53（孔隙率）镍（材料）
主/次内层毛细芯3.5/5.0×70 mm(内径/外径×长度)
20 μm（孔径）0.7（孔隙率）316 L（材料）
主/次储液器14.0 / 15.5×60 mm (内径/外径×长度)
主冷凝器2 / 3×866 mm (内径/外径×长度)
次冷凝器2 / 3×219 mm (内径/外径×长度)
主液体管线2 / 3×1 210 mm (内径/外径×长度)
主气体管线2 / 3×1 240 mm (内径/外径×长度)
气库500、1 000、2 000 mL
Tab.1 Experimental prototype parameters
Fig.5 Schematic diagram of experimental system
Fig.6 Temperature profile of CLHP start-up process with gas reservoir volume of 1 000 mL and heat sink temperature of 170 K
Fig.7 Temperature profile of CLHP start-up process with gas reservoir volume of 500 mL and heat sink temperature of 230 K
Fig.8 Effect of heat sink temperature and gas reservoir volume on condensing temperature
Fig.9 Effect of heat sink temperature and gas reservoir volume on evaporation temperature of secondary evaporator
Fig.10 Effect of gas reservoir volume on heat transfer resistance with secondary heat load of 5 W
Fig.11 Effect of gas reservoir volume on heat transfer resistance with secondary heat load of 0 W
Fig.12 Quality of working fluid in each component with temperature of 170~230 K
Fig.13 Effects of gas reservoir volume and evaporation temperature on changes in working fluid quality in gas reservoir
Fig.14 Effect of primary heat load on thermal resistance and failure with heat sink temperature of 170 K
Fig.15 Effect of primary heat load on thermal resistance and failure with heat sink temperature of 190 K
Fig.16 Effect of primary heat load on thermal resistance and failure with heat sink temperature of 210 K
Fig.17 Effect of primary heat load on thermal resistance and failure with heat sink temperature of 230 K
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