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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2025, Vol. 59 Issue (4): 679-687    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.04.003
交通工程     
汽车座椅后倾乘员下潜与腰椎损伤研究
平梦浩1(),梁微微1,周青2,唐亮1,*()
1. 北京林业大学 工学院，北京 100083
2. 清华大学 车辆与运载学院，北京 100084
Submarining and lumbar spine injuries of occupants in reclined seat
Menghao PING1(),Weiwei LIANG1,Qing ZHOU2,Liang TANG1,*()
1. School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2. School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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摘要：

使用改进的Hybrid III 5th假人对影响下潜的约束系统参数进行敏感性分析，提出6种防止智能驾驶汽车乘员在后倾座椅工况下发生下潜的保护方案. 通过碰撞车速为48 km/h的正面碰撞有限元分析和台车碰撞试验验证所提方案的有效性. 结果表明，后倾工况在增加乘员下潜风险的同时，增大了乘员头部、颈部和腰椎的伤害风险. 所有防下潜方案均导致腰椎轴向力增加，提示防下潜措施会增加腰椎损伤风险，表明防下潜与腰椎损伤之间存在矛盾关系. 肩带限力器与安全带单向锁止器的组合、髋部气囊、卷收器预紧器与锁扣预紧器的组合，可以消除乘员在后倾工况中的下潜现象，保护腰椎，乘员头部、颈部、胸部和腿部的伤害指标均符合FMVSS 208的限值要求.
关键词： 正面碰撞;  后倾工况;  防下潜;  腰椎损伤;  改进的假人模型    
Abstract:

Six anti-submarining countermeasures were developed with the modified Hybrid III 5th dummy to prevent the reclining occupants in intelligent vehicles, and a sensitivity analysis of the restraint system parameters affecting submarining was carried out. The effectiveness of the anti-submarining countermeasures was studied through frontal impact simulations at an impact speed of 48 km/h and sled tests. Results show that the reclining condition increases the risk of submarining while increasing the risk of injury to the head, neck and lumbar. The axial forces of lumbar increase in all countermeasures, suggesting that anti-submarining countermeasures can increase the risk of lumbar injury, indicating that there is a contradictory relationship between anti-submarining and lumbar spine fracture. The combination of shoulder belt load limiter and locking tongue, hip airbag, and the combination of retractor pretensioner and buckle pretensioner prevent reclining occupants from submarining and protect the lumbar spine, and the injury criteria of the head, neck, chest and leg of the occupant comply with the limit values specified in FMVSS 208.
Key words: frontal impact    reclining condition    anti-submarining    lumbar spine injury    modified dummy mode
收稿日期: 2024-02-05 出版日期: 2025-04-25
CLC:  U 467  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51975057）；汽车零部件先进制造技术教育部重点实验室开放课题基金资助项目（2021KLMT05）.
通讯作者: 唐亮     E-mail: pingmenghao@hnu.edu.cn;happyliang@bjfu.edu.cn
作者简介: 平梦浩（1992—），男，讲师，从事汽车安全与轻量化研究. orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-606X. E-mail：pingmenghao@hnu.edu.cn
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引用本文:

平梦浩,梁微微,周青,唐亮. 汽车座椅后倾乘员下潜与腰椎损伤研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2025, 59(4): 679-687.

Menghao PING,Weiwei LIANG,Qing ZHOU,Liang TANG. Submarining and lumbar spine injuries of occupants in reclined seat. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2025, 59(4): 679-687.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.04.003    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2025/V59/I4/679

图 1  改进的Hybrid III 5th假人模型
图 2  改进假人模型台车碰撞试验的验证[43]
图 3  假人碰撞损伤参数[43]
图 4  座椅靠背角度和坐垫角度
图 5  安全带预紧器
模型防下潜措施δ/（°）
Ⅰ基准模型50
Ⅱ2.2 kN肩带限力器50
Ⅲ2.2 kN肩带限力器+安全带单向锁止器50
表 1  肩带限力器加载工况
模型δ/（°）防下潜方案
A23.5基准模型（直立座椅）
B50.0基准模型（后倾座椅）
C50.0锚点预紧器+单向锁止器
D50.0防下潜挡杆+单向锁止器
E50.0髋部气囊
F50.02.2 kN肩带限力器+单向锁止器
G50.0D环前移280 mm+单向锁止器
H50.0卷收器预紧器+锁扣预紧器
表 2  防下潜方案
图 6  台车碰撞系统的有限元模型
图 7  台车碰撞试验的试验台
试验编号δ/（°）防下潜方案
①45无防下潜措施
②22无防下潜措施
③45防下潜挡杆+单向锁止器
④45减小肩带约束力+单向锁止器
⑤45腹带两侧固定点前移160 mm+单向锁止器
⑥45膝部挡板后移300 mm+单向锁止器
表 3  台车碰撞试验的加载工况
模型αts/ms是否下潜
110102是
21595是
32092是
42588是
53075是
表 4  不同坐垫角度的下潜发生时刻
图 8  座椅靠背后倾角、预紧器、限力器对下潜的影响
图 9  不同防下潜方案的假人运动响应
图 10  不同防下潜方案对下潜趋势的影响
图 11  假人H点及L1腰椎的运动轨迹
图 12  腰椎最大轴向力对比
图 13  不同防下潜方案的假人损伤指标参数对比
图 14  台车碰撞试验的假人碰撞响应
图 15  不同台车碰撞试验的假人损伤指标参数对比
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