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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2024, Vol. 58 Issue (6): 1275-1284    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2024.06.017
机械工程     
缩尺车轮-环轨滚动接触与磨耗特性仿真分析
罗易飞(),胡彬,赵鑫*(),温泽峰
西南交通大学 牵引动力国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610031
Rolling contact and wear characteristics simulation analysis of scaled wheel-ring rail
Yifei LUO(),Bin HU,Xin ZHAO*(),Zefeng WEN
State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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摘要：

为了研究缩尺车轮-环轨滚动接触与磨耗特性，基于轮轨滚动行为(WRRB)模拟试验台参数，利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立瞬态滚动接触有限元模型，集成弹性蠕滑率求解程序和Tγ磨耗模型，通过试验验证模型的正确性. 重点分析轮轨力、蠕滑率、接触应力和钢轨磨耗深度，并考虑车轮驱动扭矩和速度的影响规律. 结果表明：缩尺车轮-环轨结构的高频弹性振动造成轮轨垂向力波动；在比例载荷作用下，纵向动力学行为和钢轨磨耗深度变化趋势与服役轮轨一致；由于环轨的极小曲线半径，自由滚动工况下的横向蠕滑力/率、自旋蠕滑率、钢轨磨耗深度偏大，切向接触应力峰值出现在接触斑后沿两侧；车轮驱动扭矩和速度的影响规律可拟合为一组经验公式. 研究可以为此类试验台的设计与应用工作提供理论依据.
关键词： 缩尺车轮-环轨;  显式有限元法;  瞬态滚动接触;  蠕滑;  磨耗    
Abstract:

A transient rolling contact finite element model using ANSYS/LS-DYNA was developed based on the parameters of the wheel-rail rolling behavior (WRRB) test rig, in order to study the rolling contact and wear characteristics of scaled wheel-ring rail. The elastic creepage solving program and Tγ wear model were integrated in the model, and the model was verified by experiment. The wheel-rail force, creepage, contact stress and rail wear depth were investigated, and the influences of wheel driving torque and speed were analyzed. The results showed that, the vertical wheel-rail force fluctuation was caused by the high frequency elastic vibration of the scaled wheel-ring rail structure. The longitudinal dynamic behavior and rail wear depth change trend were consistent with those of in-service wheel-rail under proportional load. Due to the small curve radius of the ring rail, the creep force and rate, the spin creepage and the rail wear depth under free rolling condition were large, and the peak value of tangential contact stress appeared on both sides behind the contact patch. The influence rules of wheel driving torque and speed can be fitted into a set of empirical formulas. The research can provide a theoretical basis for the design and application of this kind of test rig.
Key words: scaled wheel-ring rail    explicit finite element method    transient rolling contact    creep    wear
收稿日期: 2023-06-04 出版日期: 2024-05-25
CLC:  U 211.5  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（52027807）；四川省国际科技创新合作资助项目（2021YFH0006）；牵引动力国家重点实验室自主课题资助项目（2020TPL_T06）.
通讯作者: 赵鑫     E-mail: isaacxy22@163.com;xinzhao@swjtu.edu.cn
作者简介: 罗易飞（1997—），男，博士生，从事轮轨滚动接触行为研究. orcid.org/0009-0006-2348-1160. E-mail：isaacxy22@163.com
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引用本文:

罗易飞,胡彬,赵鑫,温泽峰. 缩尺车轮-环轨滚动接触与磨耗特性仿真分析[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2024, 58(6): 1275-1284.

Yifei LUO,Bin HU,Xin ZHAO,Zefeng WEN. Rolling contact and wear characteristics simulation analysis of scaled wheel-ring rail. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2024, 58(6): 1275-1284.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2024.06.017    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2024/V58/I6/1275

图 1  轮轨滚动行为模拟试验台
图 2  缩尺车轮-环轨瞬态滚动接触有限元模型
参数取值
车轮名义滚动圆直径/m0.35
钢轨曲线半径/m1.6
轨枕间距/m0.21
轨枕支承长度/m0.043
轨底坡1∶40
黏着系数0.5
车轮质量/kg40.7
回转台转动惯量/(kg·m2)223.5
轮轨材料密度/(kg·m?3)7 790
轮轨材料弹性模量/MPa205 900
轮轨材料泊松比0.3
轮轨材料阻尼常数1.0×10?4
基座材料密度/(kg·m?3)7 850
基座材料弹性模量/MPa210 000
基座材料泊松比0.3
基座材料阻尼常数1.0×10?4
轨下橡胶垫刚度系数/(MN·m?1)5.05
轨下橡胶垫阻尼系数/(kN·s·m?1)12.78
表 1  轮轨瞬态滚动接触有限元模型参数
图 3  时域轮轨力仿真与试验结果
图 4  车轮/环轨时域转速及蠕滑率
图 5  自由滚动的准稳态接触斑特征
图 6  钢轨磨耗深度分布特征
图 7  轮轨力随车轮驱动扭矩的变化
图 8  接触应力随车轮驱动扭矩的变化
图 9  蠕滑率均值随车轮驱动扭矩的变化
图 10  钢轨磨耗深度均值随车轮驱动扭矩的变化
图 11  轮轨力随速度的变化
图 12  接触应力随速度的变化
图 13  蠕滑率均值随速度的变化
图 14  钢轨磨耗深度均值随速度的变化
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