The model experiment on influence of buried fault dislocation on shield tunnel was conducted based on the longitudinal equivalent continuous model for shield tunnels in order to analyze the mechanical properties of shield tunnel structure and stratum failure mode under buried fault dislocation. The relationship between the longitudinal mechanical properties of the structure, the opening of circumferential joint and the fault dislocation was analyzed. The rationality of the model experiment result was verified by numerical simulation. The experimental and numerical results show that the longitudinal stress of tunnel structure changes obviously under buried fault dislocation, and the influence range of fault dislocation on the tunnel structure is within 60 m. The circumferential joints near the projection plane at the top of the fault obviously produce tensile deformation, and the circumferential joints are more likely to produce tensile deformation under normal fault dislocation. The longitudinal tunnel structure under normal fault dislocation is in eccentric tension state, and the longitudinal tunnel structure under reverse fault dislocation is in eccentric compression state. Shearing deformation occurs obviously in the strata under normal fault dislocation, and the propagation law of inverted triangular shearing deformation appears. The surface ground transverse cracks develop significantly. The shearing deformation of strata is relatively weak under reverse fault dislocation.