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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2019, Vol. 53 Issue (10): 1986-1993    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.10.016
土木工程     
内廊式建筑火灾外部烟气蔓延规律
张晓涛1,2(),陆愈实2,*(),陆凯华2
1. 湖北商贸学院 建筑经济与工程管理学院，湖北 武汉 430079
2. 中国地质大学 工程学院，湖北 武汉 430074
Spreading characteristics of external smoke for buildings with internal corridor
Xiao-tao ZHANG1,2(),Yu-shi LU2,*(),Kai-hua LU2
1. School of Architectural Economics and Engineering Management, Hubei Business College, Wuhan 430079, China
2. Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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摘要：

为了探究内廊式建筑火灾外部烟气蔓延规律，以某内廊式建筑为研究背景，通过数值模拟研究不同火源特征参数下外部烟气的形成机理及蔓延规律.研究发现：火灾前期，室内烟气会发生溢出形成外部烟气，在临近上层走廊重新进入室内，导致温度在短时间内显著增大，随后外部烟气逐渐减少，温度逐渐降低并保持稳定；当火灾规模较小时，火源位置变化对外部烟气蔓延的影响不显著，火灾规模较大时，火源位置存在明显的危险区段：火源处于该区段中，外部烟气的影响程度显著增大，在区段外影响程度较低，危险区段为距离通风口4.5~6.5 m；临界风速可以作为判断烟气是否溢出的有效判据，当室外补风气流速度大于临界风速时，烟气发生溢出形成外部烟气，反之则不会形成.
关键词： 内廊式建筑;  火灾;  外部烟气;  烟气蔓延;  临界风速    
Abstract:

The influence of external smoke under different fire characteristic parameters was analyzed in order to analyze the spreading characteristics of the external smoke. One building with internal corridor was analyzed through numerical simulation. Results show that the external smoke will re-enter the adjacent floor and result in the significant increase of temperature in fire initial stage. Then the temperature will decrease and unchange due to the decrease of external smoke volume. When the fire scale is small, the fire location has no significant effect on the external smoke. When the fire scale is higher, the influence of fire location has the dangerous area. If the fire location is in the dangerous area, the impact degree of external smoke will significantly increase and the degree of that will decrease if the fire location is out of the dangerous area. The dangerous area is 4.5 m to 6.5 m away from the vent. The critical velocity of wind can be the criterion that determines whether smoke spills out. If the wind velocity is higher than the critical velocity, the smoke will spill out; if not, the smoke will not spill out.
Key words: building with internal corridor    fire    external smoke    smoke spreading    critical velocity
收稿日期: 2018-08-07 出版日期: 2019-09-30
CLC:  X 928  
通讯作者: 陆愈实     E-mail: smiletao@163.com;cuglys@foxmail.com
作者简介: 张晓涛（1987—），男，讲师，从事建筑火灾烟气研究. orcid.org/0000-0003-1667-1012. E-mail： smiletao@163.com
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引用本文:

张晓涛,陆愈实,陆凯华. 内廊式建筑火灾外部烟气蔓延规律[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2019, 53(10): 1986-1993.

Xiao-tao ZHANG,Yu-shi LU,Kai-hua LU. Spreading characteristics of external smoke for buildings with internal corridor. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2019, 53(10): 1986-1993.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.10.016    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2019/V53/I10/1986

图 1  工程大楼建筑模型及测点布置
工况 D/m HRR/MW 工况 D/m HRR/MW
1~5 1.5 2,5,8,10,12 21~25 6.5 2,5,8,10,12
6~10 2.5 2,5,8,10,12 25~30 7.5 2,5,8,10,12
11~15 4.5 2,5,8,10,12 30~35 8.5 2,5,8,10,12
16~20 5.5 2,5,8,10,12 36~40 10.5 2,5,8,10,12
表 1  火源位置及热释放率设置
图 2  不同网格尺寸下烟气温度变化
图 3  走廊模型实验温度与数值模拟温度对比
图 4  外部烟气蔓延特征及影响区域温度变化规律
图 5  着火楼层气流速度变化曲线
图 6  火灾前期不同工况下的2层及3层平均温度云图
图 7  最高温度随火源位置变化曲线图
图 8  火源层通风口气流速度变化面积图
图 9  通风口区域烟气受力图
图 10  通风口实际风速及临界风速变化
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